Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 43 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

МФТИ | Москва

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

: hihjguc kb]gZe jZ\_g U
r
= u
r
Cos (Z
r
t). Bo ijhba\_^_gb_ U
i
U
r
= ½[ Cos (Z
i
t + Z
r
t
+I Cos(Z
i
t -Z
r
t +I@u
i
u
r
. IhklZ\b\ nbevlj gb`gbo qZklhl (m^Zeb\ qZklhlm 2Z
r
) b
^_l_dlbjmy kb]gZe k ihklhygghc \j_f_gb W!!Z
r

, ihemqbf gZ \uoh^_ kb]gZe,
ijhihjpbhgZevguc 1/2 u
i
u
r
. DZd fu \b^bf, ^ey ijZ\bevghc jZ[hlu kbgojhggh]h ^_l_dlhjZ
lZdh]h lbiZ g_h[oh^bfh, qlh[u gZijy`_gb_ hihjgh]h kb]gZeZ [ueh klZ[bevguf b qlh[u
oZjZdl_jgh_ \j_fy baf_g_gby Zfieblm^u baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ kbevgh ij_\urZeh W.
NZam hihjgh]h kb]gZeZ fh`gh \jZsZlv, bkke_^my ih\hjhl nZau baf_jy_fuf
h[t_dlhf. ;he__ lh]h, kbgojhggu_ mkbebl_eb y\eyxlky aZqZklmx ^\modZgZevgufb (kf.
Jbk.46), j_]bkljbjmy kb]gZeu ^\mo nZa, k^\bgmluo gZ 90
0
.
19. G_ebg_cgZy h[jZ[hldZ kb]gZeZ. DZd ijZ\beh, \ dZq_kl\_ g_ebg_cghc
h[jZ[hldb ijbf_gy_lky ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_ (ibdh\h_ ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_, ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_
kj_^g_]h agZq_gby, d\Z^jZlbqgh_ ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_).
>_l_dlhju kj_^g_]h agZq_gby. Dh]^Z ]h\hjyl h kj_^g_f agZq_gbb i_j_f_ggh]h
gZijy`_gby, bf_xl \ \b^m kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ _]h fh^mey. J_Zebamxl ih^h[gu_ ^_l_dlhju \
\b^_ ^bh^gh]h fhklZ, ihdZaZggh]h gZ jbk. 47. GZ Jbk.47.Z ihdZaZg imlv lhdZ ijb
iheh`bl_evghf gZijy`_gbb gZ \oh^_, Z gZ Jbk.47.b ijb\_^_g imlv lhdZ ijb
hljbpZl_evghf \oh^ghf gZijy`_gbb. DZd \b^gh ba Jbk.47.k, \uah^ghc lhd ij_^klZ\ey_l
kh[hc kmffm ]Zjfhgbd \ur_ m^\h_gghc qZklhlu \oh^gh]h kb]gZeZ kh kj_^gbf agZq_gb_f.
>ey \u^_e_gby kj_^g_]h agZq_gby hklZehkv ijh\_klb nbevljZpbx. Ijb\_^_ggZy ko_fZ
^Ze_dh g_ b^_ZevgZ. Kb]gZe gZ \uoh^_ aZ\bkbl hl lh]h, qlh aZ^Zgh, \oh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_
beb lhd. G_^hklZldb ij_^eZ]Z_fhc ko_fu fh]ml [ulv e_]dh bkijZ\e_gu k ihfhsvx
hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey.
Jbk.47.
DZd mihfbgZehkv jZg__, ijb aZ^Zgghf gZijy`_gbb, ^_l_dlhj kj_^g_]h agZq_gby
bf__l ih]j_rghklv, k\yaZggmx k bkdZ`_gb_f nhjfu kb]gZeZ (kf. Jbk.47). Qlh[u
mkljZgblv wlhl g_^hklZlhd, ^hklZlhqgh \dexqblv ^bh^guc fhklbd \ p_iv h[jZlghc k\yab
hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey lZd, dZd wlh ihdZaZgh gZ Jbk 48. Ihkdhevdm mkbe_gguc kb]gZe
i_j\hc ]Zjfhgbdb ijhoh^bl q_j_a ^bh^guc fhklbd ijZdlbq_kdb [_a bkdZ`_gbc, ko_fZ
y\ey_lky gb q_f bguf, dZd ih\lhjbl_e_f, Z lhd q_j_a j_abklhj R jZ\_g hlghr_gbx
\oh^gh]h kb]gZeZ d \_ebqbg_ khijhlb\e_gby. Lhl `_ lhd ijhl_dZ_l q_j_a fhkl. >jm]bfb
keh\Zfb, k ihfhsvx HM fu i_j_reb ba j_`bfZ aZ^Zggh]h gZijy`_gby \ j_`bf
aZ^Zggh]h lhdZ b memqrbeb ^_l_dlhjgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm. 
: hihjguc kb]gZe jZ\_g          Ur = ur Cos (Zr t). Bo ijhba\_^_gb_ UiUr = ½[ Cos (Zit + Zrt
+I  Cos(Zit -Zrt +I @uiur. IhklZ\b\ nbevlj gb`gbo qZklhl (m^Zeb\ qZklhlm 2Zr) b
^_l_dlbjmy kb]gZe k ihklhygghc \j_f_gb W!!Zr, ihemqbf gZ \uoh^_ kb]gZe,
ijhihjpbhgZevguc 1/2 uiur. DZd fu \b^bf, ^ey ijZ\bevghc jZ[hlu kbgojhggh]h ^_l_dlhjZ
lZdh]h lbiZ g_h[oh^bfh, qlh[u gZijy`_gb_ hihjgh]h kb]gZeZ [ueh klZ[bevguf b qlh[u
oZjZdl_jgh_ \j_fy baf_g_gby Zfieblm^u baf_jy_fh]h kb]gZeZ kbevgh ij_\urZeh W.

      NZam hihjgh]h kb]gZeZ fh`gh \jZsZlv, bkke_^my ih\hjhl nZau baf_jy_fuf
h[t_dlhf. ;he__ lh]h, kbgojhggu_ mkbebl_eb y\eyxlky aZqZklmx ^\modZgZevgufb (kf.
Jbk.46), j_]bkljbjmy kb]gZeu ^\mo nZa, k^\bgmluo gZ 900.

19. G_ebg_cgZy h[jZ[hldZ kb]gZeZ. DZd ijZ\beh, \ dZq_kl\_ g_ebg_cghc
h[jZ[hldb ijbf_gy_lky ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_ (ibdh\h_ ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_, ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_
kj_^g_]h agZq_gby, d\Z^jZlbqgh_ ^_l_dlbjh\Zgb_).

      >_l_dlhju kj_^g_]h agZq_gby. Dh]^Z ]h\hjyl h kj_^g_f agZq_gbb i_j_f_ggh]h
gZijy`_gby, bf_xl \ \b^m kj_^g__ agZq_gb_ _]h fh^mey. J_Zebamxl ih^h[gu_ ^_l_dlhju \
\b^_ ^bh^gh]h fhklZ, ihdZaZggh]h gZ jbk. 47. GZ Jbk.47.Z ihdZaZg imlv lhdZ ijb
iheh`bl_evghf gZijy`_gbb gZ \oh^_, Z gZ Jbk.47.b ijb\_^_g imlv lhdZ ijb
hljbpZl_evghf \oh^ghf gZijy`_gbb. DZd \b^gh ba Jbk.47.k, \uah^ghc lhd ij_^klZ\ey_l
kh[hc kmffm ]Zjfhgbd \ur_ m^\h_gghc qZklhlu \oh^gh]h kb]gZeZ kh kj_^gbf agZq_gb_f.
>ey \u^_e_gby kj_^g_]h agZq_gby hklZehkv ijh\_klb nbevljZpbx. Ijb\_^_ggZy ko_fZ
^Ze_dh g_ b^_ZevgZ. Kb]gZe gZ \uoh^_ aZ\bkbl hl lh]h, qlh aZ^Zgh, \oh^gh_ gZijy`_gb_
beb lhd. G_^hklZldb ij_^eZ]Z_fhc ko_fu fh]ml [ulv e_]dh bkijZ\e_gu k ihfhsvx
hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey.




                                            Jbk.47.

      DZd mihfbgZehkv jZg__, ijb aZ^Zgghf gZijy`_gbb, ^_l_dlhj kj_^g_]h agZq_gby
bf__l ih]j_rghklv, k\yaZggmx k bkdZ`_gb_f nhjfu kb]gZeZ (kf. Jbk.47). Qlh[u
mkljZgblv wlhl g_^hklZlhd, ^hklZlhqgh \dexqblv ^bh^guc fhklbd \ p_iv h[jZlghc k\yab
hi_jZpbhggh]h mkbebl_ey lZd, dZd wlh ihdZaZgh gZ Jbk 48. Ihkdhevdm mkbe_gguc kb]gZe
i_j\hc ]Zjfhgbdb ijhoh^bl q_j_a ^bh^guc fhklbd ijZdlbq_kdb [_a bkdZ`_gbc, ko_fZ
y\ey_lky gb q_f bguf, dZd ih\lhjbl_e_f, Z lhd q_j_a j_abklhj R jZ\_g hlghr_gbx
\oh^gh]h kb]gZeZ d \_ebqbg_ khijhlb\e_gby. Lhl `_ lhd ijhl_dZ_l q_j_a fhkl. >jm]bfb
keh\Zfb, k ihfhsvx HM fu i_j_reb ba j_`bfZ aZ^Zggh]h gZijy`_gby \ j_`bf
aZ^Zggh]h lhdZ b memqrbeb ^_l_dlhjgmx oZjZdl_jbklbdm.

Страницы