Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 8 стр.

                                       Jbk.4.
      WlZehg jZaghklb we_dljbq_kdbo ihl_gpbZeh\.
      Hkgh\Zg gZ bkihevah\Zgbb g_klZpbhgZjgh]h wnn_dlZ >`ha_nkhgZ (kf. Jbk.5 .). <
wlhf wnn_dl_ ^\Z k\_joijh\h^gbdZ, k\yaZgguo lmgg_evghc k\yavx, h[emqZxl
we_dljhfZ]gblguf h[emq_gb_f \ukhdhc qZklhlu. GZ \hevl-Zfi_jguo oZjZdl_jbklbdZo
ihy\eyxlky klmi_gvdb, khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ mkeh\bx nhf=2eV, ]^_ n- p_eh_ qbkeh, h –
ihklhyggZy IeZgdZ, _ – aZjy^ we_dljhgZ, Z V- khhl\_lkl\mxsZy jZaghklv ihl_gpbZeh\.
WlZehg iha\hey_l k\_klb baf_j_gb_ ihl_gpbZeZ d baf_j_gbx qZklhlu – h^ghfm ba kZfuo
lhqguo baf_j_gbc.




                                         Jbk.5.
WlZehg khijhlb\e_gby.
       < gZklhys__ \j_fy i_j\bqguc wlZehg we_dljbq_kdh]h khijhlb\e_gby [Zabjm_lky gZ
y\e_gbb d\Zglh\h]h wnn_dlZ OheeZ. < ihke_^g_c iheh\bg_ ijhreh]h \_dZ m^Zehkv
j_Zebah\Zlv ^\mf_jgmx we_dljhggmx `b^dhklv, khklZ\e_ggmx ba we_dljhgh\, k\h[h^gh
i_j_^\b]Zxsboky \ iehkdhklb XY b gZoh^ysboky gZ h^ghf d\Zglh\hf mjh\g_ ih
hlghr_gbx d ^\b`_gbx \ Z gZijZ\e_gbb. Ijb ihf_s_gbb lZdhc kbkl_fu \ hq_gv kbevgh_
fZ]gblgh_ ihe_, ghjfZevgh_ iehkdhklb k\h[h^gh]h ^\b`_gby, ijb gbadbo l_fi_jZlmjZo
gZ[ex^Z_lky d\Zglh\uc wnn_dl OheeZ. Oheeh\kdh_ khijhlb\e_gb_ (hlghr_gb_ jZaghklb
ihl_gpbZeh\ \ gZijZ\e_gbb, i_ji_g^bdmeyjghf fZ]gblghfm ihex b lhdm, d \_ebqbg_
lhdZ) h[uqgh ijhihjpbhgZevgh_ \_ebqbg_ fZ]gblgh]h ihey, ^_fhgkljbjm_l klmi_gb,
jZkiheh`_ggu_ gZ mjh\g_ h/e2 i, ]^_ h-ihklhyggZy IeZgdZ,e- aZjy^ we_dljhgZ, Z i-p_eh_
qbkeh. (< ijbgpbi_, kms_kl\m_l b ^jh[guc d\Zglh\uc wnn_dl OheeZ, \ dhlhjhf i-y\ey_lky
jZpbhgZevghc ^jh[vx k g_q_lguf agZf_gZl_e_f.) HdZaZehkv, qlh lhqghklv j_ZebaZpbb
qbkeZ h/e2 \ d\Zglh\hf wnn_dl_ OheeZ hq_gv \_ebdZ (^h 7 agZdh\) b g_ aZ\bkbl hl kbkl_fu,