Основы измерений. Долгополов В.Т. - 7 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

МФТИ | Москва

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

Ijbf_jhf ijhihjpbhgZevguo baf_j_gbc y\eyxlky baf_j_gby \ ijhba\hevguo _^bgbpZo
beb, dZd \ ba\_klghf fmevlnbevf_, baf_j_gb_ ^ebgu m^Z\Z \ ihim]Zyo.
(5) DZj^bgZevgh_ baf_j_gb_.
S =mU, ]^_ U _klv _^bgbpZ baf_j_gbc. >himklbfh lhevdh lh`^_kl\_ggh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_
g(i)=i.
LZdb_ baf_j_gby \klj_qZxlky \ nbabd_ qZs_ \k_]h b fu \k_ k gbfb agZdhfu.
<hijhk: D dZdhfm lbim baf_j_gbc hlghkblky \uklZ\e_gb_ hp_ghd \ rdhe_ beb gZ
nb]mjghf dZlZgbb? Fh`gh eb kjZ\gb\Zlv kj_^gb_ [Zeeu \ jZaebqguo rdheZo?
5. Hij_^_e_gby b wlZehgu.
DZd m`_ mihfbgZehkv, hij_^_eblv nbabq_kdmx \_ebqbgm – agZqbl aZ^Zlv kihkh[ __
baf_j_gby. < wlhf kfuke_ kbeZ – wlh lh, qlh baf_jy_l ^bgZfhf_lj, Z jZaghklv
we_dljbq_kdbo ihl_gpbZeh\ –lh, qlh baf_jy_l \hevlf_lj. >ey dZj^bgZevguo baf_j_gbc
lZdbo hij_^_e_gbc g_ ^hklZlhqgh. Gm`gh hij_^_eblv _^bgbpm baf_j_gbc. GZ ijhly`_gbb
\_dh\ hij_^_e_gb_ _^bgbp baf_gyehkv. KdZ`_f f_lj, hij_^_eyeky dZd ^hey ]jbg\bqkdh]h
f_jb^bZgZ, Z \ gZklhys__ \j_fy hij_^_ey_lky dZd imlv, ijhoh^bfuc k\_lhf \ \Zdmmf_ aZ
1/299792458 k_d. M`_ ba wlh]h ijbf_jZ \b^gh klj_fe_gb_ hij_^_eblv _^bgbpm baf_j_gbc
lZd, qlh[u gZ [Za_ hij_^_e_gby fh`gh [ueh ihkljhblv lZd gZau\Z_fuc i_j\bqguc
wlZehg.
Ih`Zemc, kZfuf ex[hiulguf hij_^_e_gb_f _^bgbpu baf_j_gbc y\ey_lky
hij_^_e_gb_ _^bgbpu fZkku (1 d]). Dbeh]jZff hij_^_ey_lky dZd nbabq_kdbc Zjl_nZdl
(ij_^f_l, k^_eZgguc bkdmkkl\_ggh q_eh\_dhf), Z bf_ggh, dZd ba^_eb_ ba ieZlbgh-
bjb^b_\h]h kieZ\Z, h[ty\e_ggh_ \ 1901 ]h^m ]_g_jZevghc dhgn_j_gpb_c ih f_jZf b \_kZf
i_j\bqguf wlZehghf fZkku. Hg ojZgblky \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf [xjh ih f_jZf b \_kZf \h
NjZgpbb.
F_jhc \j_f_gb y\ey_lky k_dmg^Z, hij_^_ey_fZy dZd ^ebl_evghklv 9192631770
i_jbh^h\ we_dljhfZ]gblguo dhe_[Zgbc, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo i_j_oh^m f_`^m mjh\gyfb
k\_jolhgdhc kljmdlmju ZlhfZ p_aby 133.
< kbkl_f_ KB d mihfygmluf lj_f f_oZgbq_kdbf \_ebqbgZf ^h[Z\e_gZ \ dZq_kl\_
g_aZ\bkbfhc q_l\_jlZy we_dljbq_kdZy \_ebqbgZ, bf_xsZy g_aZ\bkbfmx jZaf_jghklv. Wlh
– Zfi_j, hij_^_ey_fuc dZd lhd, ijb ijhl_dZgbb dhlhjh]h ih dZ`^hfm bo ^\mo
iZjZee_evguo ijh\h^h\, jZag_k_gguo gZ jZkklhygb_ \ 1 f_lj \ \Zdmmf_, ^_ckl\m_l kbeZ
2*10
-7
gvxlhgZ gZ f_lj ^ebgu. J_Zebam_lky wlh hij_^_e_gb_ \ \b^_ i_j\bqgh]h wlZehgZ,
«lhdh\uo» \_kh\, ko_fZlbq_kdb bah[jZ`_gguo gZ Jbk.4 . DZd e_]dh \b^_lv ba jbkmgdZ,
wlhl wlZehg g_ \iheg_ hl\_qZ_l hij_^_e_gbx, ihwlhfm \ gZklhys__ \j_fy ijh\h^ylky
ihiuldb kha^Zgby [he__ m^h[gh]h i_j\bqgh]h wlZehgZ, hkgh\Zggh]h gZ h^ghwe_dljhgghf
ljZgkihjl_.
Qbkeh nbabq_kdbo \_ebqbg, ih^e_`Zsbo baf_j_gbx, ]hjZa^h \ur_, q_f qbkeh
\_ebqbg, bf_xsbo g_aZ\bkbfu_ jZaf_jghklb, b ^ey dZ`^hc \_ebqbgu ^he`_g [ulv
ihkljh_g k\hc i_j\bqguc wlZehg. JZkkfhljbf g_dhlhju_ ba gbo. 
Ijbf_jhf ijhihjpbhgZevguo baf_j_gbc y\eyxlky baf_j_gby \ ijhba\hevguo _^bgbpZo
beb, dZd \ ba\_klghf fmevlnbevf_, baf_j_gb_ ^ebgu m^Z\Z \ ihim]Zyo.

 (5) DZj^bgZevgh_ baf_j_gb_.
S =mU, ]^_ U _klv _^bgbpZ baf_j_gbc. >himklbfh lhevdh lh`^_kl\_ggh_ ij_h[jZah\Zgb_
g(i)=i.
LZdb_ baf_j_gby \klj_qZxlky \ nbabd_ qZs_ \k_]h b fu \k_ k gbfb agZdhfu.

ey dZj^bgZevguo baf_j_gbc
lZdbo hij_^_e_gbc g_ ^hklZlhqgh. Gm`gh hij_^_eblv _^bgbpm baf_j_gbc. GZ ijhly`_gbb
\_dh\ hij_^_e_gb_ _^bgbp baf_gyehkv. KdZ`_f f_lj, hij_^_eyeky dZd ^hey ]jbg\bqkdh]h
f_jb^bZgZ, Z \ gZklhys__ \j_fy hij_^_ey_lky dZd imlv, ijhoh^bfuc k\_lhf \ \Zdmmf_ aZ
1/299792458 k_d. M`_ ba wlh]h ijbf_jZ \b^gh klj_fe_gb_ hij_^_eblv _^bgbpm baf_j_gbc
lZd, qlh[u gZ [Za_ hij_^_e_gby fh`gh [ueh ihkljhblv lZd gZau\Z_fuc i_j\bqguc
wlZehg.
       Ih`Zemc, kZfuf ex[hiulguf hij_^_e_gb_f _^bgbpu baf_j_gbc y\ey_lky
hij_^_e_gb_ _^bgbpu fZkku (1 d]). Dbeh]jZff hij_^_ey_lky dZd nbabq_kdbc Zjl_nZdl
(ij_^f_l, k^_eZgguc bkdmkkl\_ggh q_eh\_dhf), Z bf_ggh, dZd ba^_eb_ ba ieZlbgh-
bjb^b_\h]h kieZ\Z, h[ty\e_ggh_ \ 1901 ]h^m ]_g_jZevghc dhgn_j_gpb_c ih f_jZf b \_kZf
i_j\bqguf wlZehghf fZkku. Hg ojZgblky \ f_`^mgZjh^ghf [xjh ih f_jZf b \_kZf \h
NjZgpbb.
       F_jhc \j_f_gb y\ey_lky k_dmg^Z, hij_^_ey_fZy dZd ^ebl_evghklv 9192631770
i_jbh^h\ we_dljhfZ]gblguo dhe_[Zgbc, khhl\_lkl\mxsbo i_j_oh^m f_`^m mjh\gyfb
k\_jolhgdhc kljmdlmju ZlhfZ p_aby 133.
       < kbkl_f_ KB d mihfygmluf lj_f f_oZgbq_kdbf \_ebqbgZf ^h[Z\e_gZ \ dZq_kl\_
g_aZ\bkbfhc q_l\_jlZy we_dljbq_kdZy \_ebqbgZ, bf_xsZy g_aZ\bkbfmx jZaf_jghklv. Wlh
– Zfi_j, hij_^_ey_fuc dZd lhd, ijb ijhl_dZgbb dhlhjh]h ih dZ`^hfm bo ^\mo
iZjZee_evguo ijh\h^h\, jZag_k_gguo gZ jZkklhygb_ \ 1 f_lj \ \Zdmmf_, ^_ckl\m_l kbeZ
2*10-7 gvxlhgZ gZ f_lj ^ebgu. J_Zebam_lky wlh hij_^_e_gb_ \ \b^_ i_j\bqgh]h wlZehgZ,
«lhdh\uo» \_kh\, ko_fZlbq_kdb bah[jZ`_gguo gZ Jbk.4 . DZd e_]dh \b^_lv ba jbkmgdZ,
wlhl wlZehg g_ \iheg_ hl\_qZ_l hij_^_e_gbx, ihwlhfm \ gZklhys__ \j_fy ijh\h^ylky
ihiuldb kha^Zgby [he__ m^h[gh]h i_j\bqgh]h wlZehgZ, hkgh\Zggh]h gZ h^ghwe_dljhgghf
ljZgkihjl_.
       Qbkeh nbabq_kdbo \_ebqbg, ih^e_`Zsbo baf_j_gbx, ]hjZa^h \ur_, q_f qbkeh
\_ebqbg, bf_xsbo g_aZ\bkbfu_ jZaf_jghklb, b ^ey dZ`^hc \_ebqbgu ^he`_g [ulv
ihkljh_g k\hc i_j\bqguc wlZehg. JZkkfhljbf g_dhlhju_ ba gbo.

Страницы