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Vanadium in Automobile Manufacture
1. Europe was using vanadium at a time when vanadium was
quite unknown in the United States. Then in 1906, Henry Ford
discovered how valuable this/metal could be. That year Henry
Ford went to Palm Beach to watch his model K. in an -automobile
race. At that time it was the best car on the market in the United
States. But model K- was badly beaten by a French car.
After the race Ford picked up a small part from this French car
and had it analyzed in the Detroit laboratory. In. this way he
discovered that the part was made of an alloy of steel and the rare
metal vanadium.
2. At that time there was no one in the United States who knew
how to make this alloy. Ford had to get an engineer from Europe.
He got an expert from England. And the English engineer made
the first vanadium steel commercially.
3. This incident revolutionized automobile manufacture: it
was soon found that vanadium steel had three times the tensile
strength of ordinary steel.
4. Luckily for the automobile industry, the richest vanadium
deposits in the world were discovered in the same year, i. e. 1906,
in Peru. This mine remains the largest single source of vanadium
in the world although in Colorado and other Western states fair
quantities of vanadium are mined.
5. About the same time vanadium was found valuable in other
fields. Some thousand tons of vanadium went into the hinges for
the locks on the Panama Canal. The cables on the famous Golden
Gate bridge used wire that was drawn from vanadium steel.
6. The steel helmets that were used in both World Wars were
made of vanadium steel. Generally speaking, vanadium is a
"must" where strength and hardness are needed. Because
vanadium is tough and long-wearing it is often referred to as a
"miracle-metal."
7. What is vanadium like?
Pure vanadium is a bright, silvery, ductile metal. But it is
extremely difficult to get it pure. It is stable in air and is not
affected by water at room temperature. When vanadium is
finely divided and thrown into a flame it burns very brightly.
8. Vanadium, as you know, is used in motorcars, locomo-
tives, trucks, buses and other mobile machinery.
Where else is it made use of? Vanadium-bronze is applied in the
aircraft industry. But vanadium-copper alloys are more suitable
for making ship parts as well as submarine parts. It is because
vanadium-copper alloys can easily resist saltwater.
9. Vanadium is also used in precious metal alloys from which
jewelry is made. Vanadium hardens gold and may be applied for
coins and dental bridges.
Vanadium is now applied in medicine, too. It is used in
treating venereal diseases and anemia. Doctors got good results
in the case of anemia; it gave a better appetite and a gain in
weight.
II. а) Point out the questions that you can answer, using
information from the text.
б) Answer the questions in written form.
1. What did Ford discover in the Detroit laboratory?
2. Why did Ford hire the engineer from Europe?
3. When was vanadium discovered?
4. Why vanadium is better than steel in automobile
manufacture?
5. What is pure vanadium like?
III. Read these sentences and arrange them according to the
logic of the text.
1. Vanadium steel is three times stronger then ordinary steel.
2.The famous Golden Gate bridge used wire that was made
from vanadium steel.
3.It is extremely difficult to get vanadium in a pure form.
Vanadium in Automobile Manufacture extremely difficult to get it pure. It is stable in air and is not
affected by water at room temperature. When vanadium is
1. Europe was using vanadium at a time when vanadium was finely divided and thrown into a flame it burns very brightly.
quite unknown in the United States. Then in 1906, Henry Ford 8. Vanadium, as you know, is used in motorcars, locomo-
discovered how valuable this/metal could be. That year Henry tives, trucks, buses and other mobile machinery.
Ford went to Palm Beach to watch his model K. in an -automobile Where else is it made use of? Vanadium-bronze is applied in the
race. At that time it was the best car on the market in the United aircraft industry. But vanadium-copper alloys are more suitable
States. But model K- was badly beaten by a French car. for making ship parts as well as submarine parts. It is because
After the race Ford picked up a small part from this French car vanadium-copper alloys can easily resist saltwater.
and had it analyzed in the Detroit laboratory. In. this way he 9. Vanadium is also used in precious metal alloys from which
discovered that the part was made of an alloy of steel and the rare jewelry is made. Vanadium hardens gold and may be applied for
metal vanadium. coins and dental bridges.
2. At that time there was no one in the United States who knew Vanadium is now applied in medicine, too. It is used in
how to make this alloy. Ford had to get an engineer from Europe. treating venereal diseases and anemia. Doctors got good results
He got an expert from England. And the English engineer made in the case of anemia; it gave a better appetite and a gain in
the first vanadium steel commercially. weight.
3. This incident revolutionized automobile manufacture: it
was soon found that vanadium steel had three times the tensile II. а) Point out the questions that you can answer, using
strength of ordinary steel. information from the text.
4. Luckily for the automobile industry, the richest vanadium б) Answer the questions in written form.
deposits in the world were discovered in the same year, i. e. 1906,
in Peru. This mine remains the largest single source of vanadium 1. What did Ford discover in the Detroit laboratory?
in the world although in Colorado and other Western states fair 2. Why did Ford hire the engineer from Europe?
quantities of vanadium are mined. 3. When was vanadium discovered?
5. About the same time vanadium was found valuable in other 4. Why vanadium is better than steel in automobile
fields. Some thousand tons of vanadium went into the hinges for manufacture?
the locks on the Panama Canal. The cables on the famous Golden 5. What is pure vanadium like?
Gate bridge used wire that was drawn from vanadium steel.
6. The steel helmets that were used in both World Wars were III. Read these sentences and arrange them according to the
made of vanadium steel. Generally speaking, vanadium is a logic of the text.
"must" where strength and hardness are needed. Because
vanadium is tough and long-wearing it is often referred to as a 1. Vanadium steel is three times stronger then ordinary steel.
"miracle-metal." 2.The famous Golden Gate bridge used wire that was made
7. What is vanadium like? from vanadium steel.
Pure vanadium is a bright, silvery, ductile metal. But it is 3.It is extremely difficult to get vanadium in a pure form.
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