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4. Here is a short story about vanadium, wonder-metal. It was
first discovered by Manuel del Rio. Professor of Mineralogy at
the School of Mines in Mexico City, in lead ore. M. del Rio
named the new metal erythronium because its salts became red
when headed.
5. In 1830 Sefstrom’s discovery Wolher found that
erythronium and vanadium were the same metal. In fact, Wolher
himself had nearly discovered the metal in the Mexican ore. He
had, actually, put some of the ore aside for further study. But be-
fore he could do it, Sefstrom's discovery was announced.
6. As far back as 1906 vanadium was the world's rarest metal.
Its price was $ 4,760 a pound. It is still very valuable. But it is not
so high-priced. It is more valuable now for what it can actually
do.
7. And here is what it can do. When it is added to steel (in
proportions of about two parts of vanadium to a thousand parts of
steel) it does miracles. It makes an excellent alloy. Our finest
high-speed tools, that are made of tungsten and chromium, get
such brutal use that they would, most certainly, wear out in a very
short time, if vanadium were not added. But a little bit of
vanadium gives them a long life.
8. Vanadium steel is harder in the red-hot state than when it is
cold. It is these wonderful qualities of vanadium steel that give us
a smooth train ride at 100 kilometers an hour.
9. Vanadium was discovered in 1801, as has already been
mentioned. But many years had passed before metallurgists
realized its great value.
II. Match the following words with their definitions:
1. melt a. surprising event
2. ore b. to become liquid
3. announce c. mineral
4. miracle d. to make known
5. smooth e. free from roughness
III. Vocabulary in Context.
Choose the definition that fits each word or phrase as it is
used in the text.
1. accidentally 2. obtain
a. by chance a. push
b. undesirable b. get
c. without thinking c. buy
3. brutal 4. realize
a. savage a. exchange
b. cruel b. act
c. simple c. understand
IV. Put these words in the right order to make up a sentence.
1. valuable / do / it / what / more / it / actually / is / can / for /
now
2. are / strong / alloys / of / most / both / aluminum / light / and
3. vanadium / life / gives / of / a / but / little / them / but / long / a
V. Read the text again and write out the words that describe the
properties of vanadium and its application.
Alloy properties application
Vanadium + steel …………… ……………
………….. ………… …………
VI. Rewrite and translate passages 5, 6, 7, 8 in written form.
Задание 2.
I. Read the text and answer the question in written form, using
the vocabulary list.
What operations do machine tools produce?
4. Here is a short story about vanadium, wonder-metal. It was III. Vocabulary in Context.
first discovered by Manuel del Rio. Professor of Mineralogy at Choose the definition that fits each word or phrase as it is
the School of Mines in Mexico City, in lead ore. M. del Rio used in the text.
named the new metal erythronium because its salts became red
when headed. 1. accidentally 2. obtain
5. In 1830 Sefstrom’s discovery Wolher found that a. by chance a. push
erythronium and vanadium were the same metal. In fact, Wolher b. undesirable b. get
himself had nearly discovered the metal in the Mexican ore. He c. without thinking c. buy
had, actually, put some of the ore aside for further study. But be-
fore he could do it, Sefstrom's discovery was announced. 3. brutal 4. realize
6. As far back as 1906 vanadium was the world's rarest metal. a. savage a. exchange
Its price was $ 4,760 a pound. It is still very valuable. But it is not b. cruel b. act
so high-priced. It is more valuable now for what it can actually c. simple c. understand
do.
7. And here is what it can do. When it is added to steel (in IV. Put these words in the right order to make up a sentence.
proportions of about two parts of vanadium to a thousand parts of
steel) it does miracles. It makes an excellent alloy. Our finest 1. valuable / do / it / what / more / it / actually / is / can / for /
high-speed tools, that are made of tungsten and chromium, get now
such brutal use that they would, most certainly, wear out in a very 2. are / strong / alloys / of / most / both / aluminum / light / and
short time, if vanadium were not added. But a little bit of 3. vanadium / life / gives / of / a / but / little / them / but / long / a
vanadium gives them a long life.
8. Vanadium steel is harder in the red-hot state than when it is V. Read the text again and write out the words that describe the
cold. It is these wonderful qualities of vanadium steel that give us properties of vanadium and its application.
a smooth train ride at 100 kilometers an hour.
9. Vanadium was discovered in 1801, as has already been Alloy properties application
mentioned. But many years had passed before metallurgists Vanadium + steel …………… ……………
realized its great value. ………….. ………… …………
VI. Rewrite and translate passages 5, 6, 7, 8 in written form.
II. Match the following words with their definitions:
1. melt a. surprising event Задание 2.
2. ore b. to become liquid I. Read the text and answer the question in written form, using
3. announce c. mineral the vocabulary list.
4. miracle d. to make known What operations do machine tools produce?
5. smooth e. free from roughness
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