Компьютерная техника. Еремина Н.В. - 27 стр.

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5 UNIT V
5.1 Text I
Translate the passage at sight
Some new words: retrieve v отыскивать; justify v подтверждать; schedule v
составлять график, таблицу; setting n зд. окружение; rule of thumb практическое
правило, эмпирическое правило
Artificial intelligence
Expert systems are a class of computer programs that can advise, analyse, design,
diagnose, explain, explore, forecast, form concepts, identify, interpret, justify, learn,
manage, monitor, plan, present, retrieve, schedule, test and tutor. They address problems
normally thought to require human specialists for their solution. Some of these programs
have achieved expert levels of performance on the problems for which they were
designed.
Expert systems are usually developed with the help of human experts who
solve specific problems and reveal their thought processes as they proceed. If this
process of protocol analysis is successful, the computer program based on this
analysis will be able to solve the narrowly defined problems as well as an expert.
Experts typically solve problems that are unstructured and ill-defined, usually
in a setting that involves diagnosis or planning. They cope with the lack of structure
by employing heuristics, which are the rules of thumb that people use to solve
problems when a lack of time or understanding prevents an analysis of all the
parameters involved. Likewise, expert systems employ programmed heuristics to
solve problems.
Experts engaged in several different problems—solving activities: identify the
problem, process data, generate questions, collect information, establish hypothesis
space, group and differentiate, pursue and test hypothesis, explore and refine, ask
general questions, and make a decision.
As researchers of the domain point out a robust expert system that can explain,
5 UNIT V

       5.1 Text I
       Translate the passage at sight

      Some new words: retrieve v отыскивать; justify v подтверждать; schedule v
составлять график, таблицу; setting n зд. окружение; rule of thumb практическое
правило, эмпирическое правило

Artificial intelligence

       Expert systems are a class of computer programs that can advise, analyse, design,
diagnose, explain, explore, forecast, form concepts, identify, interpret, justify, learn,
manage, monitor, plan, present, retrieve, schedule, test and tutor. They address problems
normally thought to require human specialists for their solution. Some of these programs
have achieved expert levels of performance on the problems for which they were
designed.
       Expert systems are usually developed with the help of human experts who
solve specific problems and reveal their thought processes as they proceed. If this
process of protocol analysis is successful, the computer program based on this
analysis will be able to solve the narrowly defined problems as well as an expert.
       Experts typically solve problems that are unstructured and ill-defined, usually
in a setting that involves diagnosis or planning. They cope with the lack of structure
by employing heuristics, which are the rules of thumb that people use to solve
problems when a lack of time or understanding prevents an analysis of all the
parameters involved. Likewise, expert systems employ programmed heuristics to
solve problems.
       Experts engaged in several different problems—solving activities: identify the
problem, process data, generate questions, collect information, establish hypothesis
space, group and differentiate, pursue and test hypothesis, explore and refine, ask
general questions, and make a decision.
       As researchers of the domain point out a robust expert system that can explain,