Speaking clearly. Improving voice and articulation: Фонетический практикум. Фомиченко Л.Г. - 107 стр.

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       «The purpose of speech is to communicate effectively. Everyone
would agree that voice and articulation constitute an important part of
that effectiveness. Career speech is the type of speech that is expected
in a career in which oral communication plays a significant role. It is
speech that reflects the most appropriate vocal characteristics and
exerts some control over regional speech patterns.
       Remember that to others you are the way you sound. You want
your voice and speech to say great things about you, don’t you? Your
voice and speech should reflect you at your best, and when they are
effective, people will not only listen but remember.
       A career in which verbal communication plays an integral part
demands a different standard of speech and language than does a career
that is not people-oriented. Some of the careers that should encourage
preferred speech are teaching, theatre, the media (radio, television
and so forth), business (sales, executive training), law and the clergy.
       You are going to be asked to learn a new language called «career
speech». It is yours to use when it is to your advantage.
       In addition to environment, heredity plays an important part in
determining the pitch and quality of a voice. At birth you were given
resonance cavities and muscles that resemble those of your parents.
This is an inherited phenomenon transmitted by genes, so the die has
been cast.
       Although at present your voice reflects the momentary habitual
you, it may not reflect the you whom you want heard and seen by
yourself and others. The sound you produce now is created by muscles
and cartilage mani pulated by habit. You will experiment with new
vocal and speech techniques to get a new career voice. Exercise pro-
duces physical changes that are caused by the strengthening of muscles.
You are going to make your voice stronger through exercise.
       Just for fun and to establish a goal or model for yourself, make
a list of the positive aspects of voice in speakers you admire. What do
you like about them? Surely one thing is the vocal individuality
expressed by their voice and speech. Yes, your voice and speech
ought to reflect you, but they ought to reflect what you want to reflect.
You must be the one in control.
       Psychological considerations are essential in communication situ-
ations. In the 1880s two scientists, psychologist William James and
psychologist Carl Lange, developed similar points of view regarding