Неличные формы глагола. Артикль. Гоголь О.В. - 4 стр.

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• an unusual problem
• a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e.
begins with consonant 'y' sound)
Note also that in English, the indefinite articles are used
to indicate membership in a profession, nation, or religion.
• I am a teacher.
• Brian is an Irishman.
• Seiko is a practicing Buddhist.
2. Definite Article: the
The definite article is used before singular and plural
nouns when the noun is particular or specific. The sig-
nals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particu-
lar member of a group. Compare the indefinite and defi-
nite articles in the following examples:
Indefinite (a or an) Definite (the)
Singular
a dog (any dog)
an apple (any apple)
the dog (that specific
dog)
the apple (that specific
apple)
Plural
some dogs (any
dogs)
some apples (any
apples)
the dogs (those specific
dogs)
the apples (those spe-
cific apples)
The is not used with noncountable nouns referring to
something in a general sense:
[no article] Coffee is a popular drink.
[no article] Japanese was his native language.
[no article] Intelligence is difficult to quantify.
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The is used with noncountable nouns that are made
more specific by a limiting modifying phrase or clause:
The coffee in my cup is too hot to drink.
The Japanese he speaks is often heard in the country-
side.
The intelligence of animals is variable but undeniable.
The is also used when a noun refers to something
unique:
the White House
the theory of relativity
the 1999 federal budget
Note: Geographical uses of the
Do not use the before:
• names of countries (Italy, Mexico, Bolivia) except
the Netherlands and the US
• names of cities, towns, or states (Seoul, Manitoba,
Miami)
• names of streets (Washington Blvd., Main St.)
• names of lakes and bays (Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie)
except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
• names of mountains (Mount Everest, Mount Fuji)
except with ranges of mountains like the Andes
or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matter-
horn
• names of continents (Asia, Europe)
• names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West)
except with island chains like the Aleutians, the
Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
Do use the before: 
   •   an unusual problem                                      The is used with noncountable nouns that are made
   •   a European country (sounds like 'yer-o-pi-an,' i.e.     more specific by a limiting modifying phrase or clause:
       begins with consonant 'y' sound)                        The coffee in my cup is too hot to drink.
Note also that in English, the indefinite articles are used    The Japanese he speaks is often heard in the country-
to indicate membership in a profession, nation, or religion.   side.
                                                               The intelligence of animals is variable but undeniable.
   •   I am a teacher.                                         The is also used when a noun refers to something
   •   Brian is an Irishman.                                   unique:
   •   Seiko is a practicing Buddhist.                         the White House
                                                               the theory of relativity
                                                               the 1999 federal budget
2. Definite Article: the                                       Note: Geographical uses of the
The definite article is used before singular and plural        Do not use the before:
nouns when the noun is particular or specific. The sig-
nals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particu-      •   names of countries (Italy, Mexico, Bolivia) except
lar member of a group. Compare the indefinite and defi-               the Netherlands and the US
nite articles in the following examples:                          •   names of cities, towns, or states (Seoul, Manitoba,
             Indefinite (a or an)        Definite (the)               Miami)
                                    the dog (that specific        •   names of streets (Washington Blvd., Main St.)
             a dog (any dog)        dog)
Singular                                                          •   names of lakes and bays (Lake Titicaca, Lake Erie)
             an apple (any apple)   the apple (that specific
                                    apple)
                                                                      except with a group of lakes like the Great Lakes
             some dogs (any         the dogs (those specific      •   names of mountains (Mount Everest, Mount Fuji)
             dogs)                  dogs)                             except with ranges of mountains like the Andes
Plural
             some apples (any       the apples (those spe-            or the Rockies or unusual names like the Matter-
             apples)                cific apples)                     horn
The is not used with noncountable nouns referring to              •   names of continents (Asia, Europe)
something in a general sense:                                     •   names of islands (Easter Island, Maui, Key West)
[no article] Coffee is a popular drink.                               except with island chains like the Aleutians, the
[no article] Japanese was his native language.                        Hebrides, or the Canary Islands
[no article] Intelligence is difficult to quantify.            Do use the before:

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