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97
Now, the trend has been reversed and the buffaloes live in the wilder-
ness on reservations with the hope that their numbers will increase.
They will never reach their former status when they roamed freely over
the majestic, windswept plains. But hopefully man will be wise enough
to protect them from extinction.
TEXT FIFTEEN BARHOPPING AND TEETOTALERS
After a busy week of classes, lectures and seminars college students in
America like to loosen up and forget their studies. They often have a
favorite neighborhood pub near their campus where they can meet old
friends, make new ones and socialize with those they see every day.
There is a custom in America of making it an all-night affair. These
students may spend the whole night just going from one bar to another
drinking with their classmates and passing the night away. This custom
is called barhopping and is popular with college students and young
people in their early twenties. With the stamina to survive a night of
drinking they may visit as many as three or four bars in one night hav-
ing a few drinks at each, spending an hour or so in each place before
moving on to the next “watering hole.”
Fortunately it is not done every night or at every chance to celebrate.
Older people may not have the stamina to endure a whole night of
drinking, nor the free time that it requires. It is usually reserved for
special weekends for to celebrations at the end of the term exams.
One would gather from the above that America is a nation of heavy
drinkers and closet alcoholics. Yet, there are many Americans who
never touch a drink either for reasons of religion or health. They may
even detest the smell of beer and the taste of liquor and may refuse to
serve it even to guests who visit in their home.
In the nation’s history there was even a period known as the Prohibi-
tion. This was a time when liquor laws prevented the manufacturing
and distribution of alcoholic beverages. The temperance movement
gained impetus in World War I when conservation policies limited liq-
uor output. In 1919 the 18
th
amendment to the Constitution established
98
prohibition. At that time back in the 1930’s the manufacturing and sell-
ing of alcohol was strictly forbidden by law. What alcohol was pro-
duced was done so illegally and was in the hands of organized crime. It
was difficult to enforce and in 1933 prohibition was repealed by the
21
st
amendment. Although the law had been repealed the attitude of
those who endorsed it has not. Today there are many federal laws regu-
lating the advertisement of alcohol. Even TV commercials advertising
beer and wine are prevented from being shown on TV for fear of the
negative impact they might have on children.
It is also recommended that at a party a host should refuse to offer al-
cohol to anyone who has a heavy drinking problem, and there are states
where the sales of alcoholic beverages is carefully regulated by local
governments. In many states liquor stores are required to be closed on
Sunday which is considered the Lord’s Day. For still others the
ejecttion of alcohol may be a matter of religion. Some religious
groups like the Mormons and the Jehovah Witnesses actually forbid the
members of their congregation to drink. At their Sunday services the
Mormons, for example, use grape juice instead of wine for their com-
munion fellowship.
TEXT SIXTEEN THE AMERICAN JURY SYSTEM
One of the features of the American Justice system is the concept of a
jury. In America a jury is usually a group of twelve men and women
who preside at a trial and determine the innocence or guilt of the per-
son on trial. In common law it is a group of laymen summoned to study
the evidence and determine the facts in a dispute tried in a court of law.
The 6
th
and 7
th
amendment to the Constitution provides for a jury trial
in most criminal cases. The use of the jury system is an important pro-
tection against judicial tyranny and represents the voice of the people.
The members of the jury are chose by law and sworn to consider the
facts of a case and decide upon the truth. A jury is composed of aver-
age citizens who are selected from the list of voters. Almost any citizen
over 21 can be a juror. This is one of the main ways in which men and
women take part in the government. A juror receives notice through the
mail that he or she has been chosen for jury duty and it is his or her
Now, the trend has been reversed and the buffaloes live in the wilder- prohibition. At that time back in the 1930’s the manufacturing and sell-
ness on reservations with the hope that their numbers will increase. ing of alcohol was strictly forbidden by law. What alcohol was pro-
They will never reach their former status when they roamed freely over duced was done so illegally and was in the hands of organized crime. It
the majestic, windswept plains. But hopefully man will be wise enough was difficult to enforce and in 1933 prohibition was repealed by the
to protect them from extinction. 21st amendment. Although the law had been repealed the attitude of
those who endorsed it has not. Today there are many federal laws regu-
TEXT FIFTEEN BARHOPPING AND TEETOTALERS lating the advertisement of alcohol. Even TV commercials advertising
beer and wine are prevented from being shown on TV for fear of the
After a busy week of classes, lectures and seminars college students in negative impact they might have on children.
America like to loosen up and forget their studies. They often have a
favorite neighborhood pub near their campus where they can meet old It is also recommended that at a party a host should refuse to offer al-
friends, make new ones and socialize with those they see every day. cohol to anyone who has a heavy drinking problem, and there are states
There is a custom in America of making it an all-night affair. These where the sales of alcoholic beverages is carefully regulated by local
students may spend the whole night just going from one bar to another governments. In many states liquor stores are required to be closed on
drinking with their classmates and passing the night away. This custom Sunday which is considered the Lord’s Day. For still others the
is called barhopping and is popular with college students and young ejecttion of alcohol may be a matter of religion. Some religious
people in their early twenties. With the stamina to survive a night of groups like the Mormons and the Jehovah Witnesses actually forbid the
drinking they may visit as many as three or four bars in one night hav- members of their congregation to drink. At their Sunday services the
ing a few drinks at each, spending an hour or so in each place before Mormons, for example, use grape juice instead of wine for their com-
moving on to the next “watering hole.” munion fellowship.
Fortunately it is not done every night or at every chance to celebrate. TEXT SIXTEEN THE AMERICAN JURY SYSTEM
Older people may not have the stamina to endure a whole night of
drinking, nor the free time that it requires. It is usually reserved for One of the features of the American Justice system is the concept of a
special weekends for to celebrations at the end of the term exams. jury. In America a jury is usually a group of twelve men and women
who preside at a trial and determine the innocence or guilt of the per-
One would gather from the above that America is a nation of heavy son on trial. In common law it is a group of laymen summoned to study
drinkers and closet alcoholics. Yet, there are many Americans who the evidence and determine the facts in a dispute tried in a court of law.
never touch a drink either for reasons of religion or health. They may The 6th and 7th amendment to the Constitution provides for a jury trial
even detest the smell of beer and the taste of liquor and may refuse to in most criminal cases. The use of the jury system is an important pro-
serve it even to guests who visit in their home. tection against judicial tyranny and represents the voice of the people.
The members of the jury are chose by law and sworn to consider the
In the nation’s history there was even a period known as the Prohibi- facts of a case and decide upon the truth. A jury is composed of aver-
tion. This was a time when liquor laws prevented the manufacturing age citizens who are selected from the list of voters. Almost any citizen
and distribution of alcoholic beverages. The temperance movement over 21 can be a juror. This is one of the main ways in which men and
gained impetus in World War I when conservation policies limited liq- women take part in the government. A juror receives notice through the
uor output. In 1919 the 18th amendment to the Constitution established mail that he or she has been chosen for jury duty and it is his or her
97 98
