Неличные формы глагола. Артикль. Гоголь О.В. - 47 стр.

TEXT TWELVE                                   HEALTH WARNINGS                and even an apparently harmless can of beer. For those who are deeply
                                                                             entrenched in their habit, group help is provided in the form of
Most Americans are very conscious of their health and try to maintain a      “Smoke-Enders” and “Alcoholics Anonymous.” Also known as AA
nutritious diet and daily routines to sustain good health. Yet, for many     ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’ is a worldwide organization dedicated to the
years the tobacco and liquor industries had tried to project the image of    curing of alcoholics. This organization helps the addict to control, curb
style, fashion and sophistication for those who use their products. Most     and eventually eliminate the habit. The organization was established in
have learned, however, that the dangers imposed to health by tobacco         1935 by two former alcoholics. The organization, which functions
and alcohol can no longer be denied or ignored . It is no longer consid-     through local groups, is based on a philosophy of life that has enabled
ered macho or fashionable to smoke a cigarette or take a shot of whis-       countless numbers of people to recover from alcoholism. In 1988 there
key straight up to impress others. The campaigns to alert the public to      were one million members worldwide. For spouses, relatives and
the evils of these two social drugs have been intense and effective.         friends of alcoholics there is even the support group known as Al-Anon.
However, most people, young or old, dislike being warned that they           To further encourage the smoker to quit, life insurance premiums may
shouldn’t do something. It is a kind of psychological resistance. Yet, all   be reduced for those who have quit smoking. The benefits, therefore,
tobacco and liquor products must now contain a warning on the pack-          can be seen not only in terms of health and safety, but also with regard
age or label. The warning is simple, but the message is clear; smoking       to finance
and drinking are hazardous to the health. The wording may vary, but it
is phrased in such a way as to draw the attention of the consumer to the     TEXT THIRTEEN                  THE APPLE AS A SPECIAL FRUIT
danger. There are currently about nine warnings which are printed on
labels. Some of them are; “Cigarettes are addictive”, “Cigarettes cause      If the rose can be spoken of as a special flower, then it can be said that
fatal lung disease”, “Smoking during pregnancy can harm you baby”,           the apple is a special fruit. American culture is filled with references to
“Tobacco smoke can harm your children,” and “ Cigarettes cause               the apple. American folklore speaks of Johnny Appleseed who went
strokes and fatal heart disease.” All of these and others appear regularly   throughout the American countryside planting apple trees. His real
on the side of a pack of cigarettes and are preceded by the word             name was John Chapman and he had a great love for nature. He trav-
“WARNING!” Some people have suggested that the word ‘warning’                eled through Pennsylvania and Ohio and collected apple seeds which
should be eliminated since it might increase an interest in smoking          he later distributed to farmers along the Ohio river. He wandered
among young people. Labels that contain information and do not give          through fields and farms adding richness and beauty to the American
orders have proven effective in deterring behavior. On American TV           landscape. Those who met him simply called him, “Johnny Apple-
all tobacco advertising is legally banned, and every ad in a magazine        seed.”
must display the warning. There are many public notices on trains and
buses giving out the warning that smoking is linked to lung cancer and       One of the first proverbs taught to all school children is “An apple a
other lung and heart diseases.                                               day keeps the doctor away.” This short proverb encourages children to
The admonition against alcohol consumption is of a different kind. The       eat fresh fruit to keep healthy and what fruit is more accessible in
warning goes out especially to women who are pregnant and anyone             America than the apple? Likewise a young pupil can gain the admira-
operating a car or electrical machinery. A woman who is carrying a           tion of a favorite lady teacher by bringing her an apple and placing it
child in her womb can cause damage to the fetus by drinking alcohol.         judiciously on her desk before class. Furthermore, should someone
Also anyone operating a machine runs the risk of an accident which           every get on someone else’s good side by flattery, people will call him
could be fatal. Such warnings appear on all wine and whiskey bottles         an apple polisher. This, however, should not be taken as a compliment.

                                   93                                                                            94