Неличные формы глагола. Артикль. Гоголь О.В. - 8 стр.

coworkers. Family names are hardly ever used in 6. daily situations and      traits which are very dominant may lead to nicknames but not necessar-
7. use of one’s father’s last name is saved only for rare and formal oc-     ily to one’s liking or choice.
casions. In many traditional cultures the use of the family name is seen
as 8. sign of 9. respect. For Americans, however, it’s the nickname          TEXT FOUR           SCHOOL RINGS AND SENIOR PRIVILEGES
which creates an immediate intimacy between 10. two people upon
which to build 11. relationship. By speaking to another on 12. first         In 1. most American high schools 2. social life of the students plays
name basis and using his nickname walls are immediately torn down            3. important part of their development. Holiday parties, part-time jobs,
and equality between two people is established. At work 13. bosses           social interaction and weekend dances are as much 4. part of 5. stu-
will refer to their employees by their nicknames. Should 14. employer        dent’s life as studying for 6. final exam. 7. graduating students of
use 15. worker’s family name, you can be sure that some kind of cor-         8. high school are referred to as 9. seniors and their final year is filled
rection or serious business will follow. This love for nicknames can         with 10. nostalgic events which become 11. crowning memories of
create 16. sense of closeness between people who are otherwise not           their high school days. This is 12. time to learn 13. social skills which
related. Even 17. presidents of the United States Have borne nicknames.      will guide them through 14. life and 15. social graces needed for par-
Abraham Lincoln was known as Honest Abe, Franklin Delano Roose-              ticipation in their adult life to follow.
velt was simply called FDR; Eisenhower was referred to informally as
Ike; Richard Nixon was scorned as Tricky Dick; 18. President Reagan          In this final year, therefore, 16. acquisition of 17. school ring is looked
was affectionately called The Gipper. John F. Kennedy was known as           upon as one of 18. most important occasions of the year. (In some
Jack or JFK and William Clinton has no reservations in letting 19. peo-      schools the ring is given at the end of the third year.) The school ring
ple know he prefers to be called Bill, but those who look upon him           somehow is 19. tangible symbol which binds the student to the school
with 20. disfavor may call him Slick Willy. Not only people but 21.          and the memories of the four years spent there.
cities often carry their own nicknames. Chicago is called the “Windy
City” because of 22. gusty winds which come down from                        The school ring for many students is very significant because it creates
23. Canada throughout 24. year. Philadelphia is well-known as 25. City       20. sense of social binding among the class and is 21. remembrance of
of Brotherly Love”, St. Louis with its Gateway Arch is called                22. importance of one’s high school education. This ring is usually
26. Gateway to 27. West”, and 28. New York City is considered the            inscribed with 23. name of the student and engraved with 24. name of
“Big Apple” for reasons which are still obscure to 29. most people in-       the school and the year of graduation. 25. semiprecious stone is placed
cluding many New Yorkers. Other cities are merely abbreviations for          in the center of the ring.
30. sake of 31. convenience. Washington is simply called D.C. and
Los Angeles is L.A. Even some of the natural wonders of the land have        Besides receiving their rings all of the seniors also look forward to their
been baptized with 32. nickname. Perhaps 33. most famous in this re-         special privileges. These privileges are freedoms given to them by
gard is the geyser at Yellowstone National Park in 34. Wyoming. Be-          26. administration which are not granted to the students in the lower
cause it erupts on a regular basis and without 35. fail, it has been nick-   grades. These privileges are 27. exceptions to 28. regular school rules
named Old Faithful.                                                          and set the seniors apart from the rest of the student body. These privi-
Not every nickname, however, is 36. complement and some can be               leges may vary from 29. school to 30. school depending upon 31. prin-
downright rude and insulting. If someone should demonstrate 37. cer-         cipal’s generosity and liberal disposition and the trustworthiness of the
tain negative characteristic, 38. label will soon be attached to describe    students.
that person in 39. non-flattering way Likewise 40. person’s physical

                                   15                                                                            16