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Chapter 1
The Late Paleolithic Age
(The Upper Paleolithic Era)
Read and translate the text:
The first racial types identifiable as similar to modern Whites first appeared in
parts of Europe, southern Russia and the Near East during the time period 30,000 BC
to 15,000 BC, following the end of the last great Ice Age around the year 40,000 BC.
The new arrivals are known as Homo Sapiens (or “ wise man” ) in order to
differentiate them from the other life forms known as Homo Erectus and Neanderthal
man.
These first racial types occurred in two main physical forms: the original
Mediterraneans (“Old Europeans” ) who had dark or brown hair and dark eyes; and
then what is called the Proto-Nordic or Cro-Magnon racial type – tall, light hair and
light eyes.
The time period known as the Late Paleolithic era is marked by two main
characteristics – the hunter-gatherer stage of early human existence; and the
extinction of Neanderthal man (through conflict with the new arrivals).
The Proto-Nordics of the Late Paleolithic Age lived in a broad band spanning
from modern-day Spain right across Europe all the way to Asia, where skeletal
remains have been found. These people wandered from area to area, never settling for
long and often being driven on by the elements and sometimes following new lands
opened up by the retreating last ice sheets.
As a result of the transient nature of these people, they generally traveled in
family groups, usually varying between five and twenty individuals. Small numbers
of livestock and hunting provided their main means of sustenance.
Material Culture
While no great buildings or fixed structures remain from this period, smaller
day-to-day artifacts are relatively plentiful. Excavations across Europe and Russia
have shown that these early Whites had fire, paint, stone blades and the ability to
fashion animal bones into weapons and tools. Sewing needles were also developed
during this period.
Musical instruments made their first appearance – at sites in southern France,
flutes dating back 27,000 years have been found. Coal was also first used as a fuel at
about this time and fired ceramics was developed, with statuettes and other fired
objects dating from approximately 26,000 BC having been found in the present day
Czech Republic.
Two significant weapons marked a great improvement on the till then basic
spear: the spear thrower and the bow and arrow (which made its first appearance
around 9000 BC).
3
Chapter 1
The Late Paleolithic Age
(The Upper Paleolithic Era)
Read and translate the text:
The first racial types identifiable as similar to modern Whites first appeared in
parts of Europe, southern Russia and the Near East during the time period 30,000 BC
to 15,000 BC, following the end of the last great Ice Age around the year 40,000 BC.
The new arrivals are known as Homo Sapiens (or “wise man”) in order to
differentiate them from the other life forms known as Homo Erectus and Neanderthal
man.
These first racial types occurred in two main physical forms: the original
Mediterraneans (“Old Europeans”) who had dark or brown hair and dark eyes; and
then what is called the Proto-Nordic or Cro-Magnon racial type – tall, light hair and
light eyes.
The time period known as the Late Paleolithic era is marked by two main
characteristics – the hunter-gatherer stage of early human existence; and the
extinction of Neanderthal man (through conflict with the new arrivals).
The Proto-Nordics of the Late Paleolithic Age lived in a broad band spanning
from modern-day Spain right across Europe all the way to Asia, where skeletal
remains have been found. These people wandered from area to area, never settling for
long and often being driven on by the elements and sometimes following new lands
opened up by the retreating last ice sheets.
As a result of the transient nature of these people, they generally traveled in
family groups, usually varying between five and twenty individuals. Small numbers
of livestock and hunting provided their main means of sustenance.
Material Culture
While no great buildings or fixed structures remain from this period, smaller
day-to-day artifacts are relatively plentiful. Excavations across Europe and Russia
have shown that these early Whites had fire, paint, stone blades and the ability to
fashion animal bones into weapons and tools. Sewing needles were also developed
during this period.
Musical instruments made their first appearance – at sites in southern France,
flutes dating back 27,000 years have been found. Coal was also first used as a fuel at
about this time and fired ceramics was developed, with statuettes and other fired
objects dating from approximately 26,000 BC having been found in the present day
Czech Republic.
Two significant weapons marked a great improvement on the till then basic
spear: the spear thrower and the bow and arrow (which made its first appearance
around 9000 BC).
