Америка в прошлом и настоящем. Часть I. Горчакова Е.П - 6 стр.

society. When a daughter married, her husband came to live with her in the
home of her mother. Women were in charge of1 farming. They also chose the
chiefs of the tribe and dismissed them if they did not do their job well.
11. At the end of the day, Iroquois families gathered together in their long
houses. These were narrow, tunnel-shaped buildings, covered with the bark 2 of
trees. In each long house, about ten families lived and worked together. A
large yard was shared by the families of several long houses. High wooden
fences surrounded the whole village of long houses; these protected the
Iroquois when enemies attacked.
12. Unlike the people of the Eastern Woodlands, the Plains people of the
Middle West traveled frequently 3. From the Mississippi territory to the
Rockies, they followed the buffalo herds. Without this animal, they had no
food, clothing, or material to build their houses.
13. After the Spaniards brought horses to North America in the sixteenth
century, the Plains people became powerful and wealthy. With horses, they
could chase the buffalo confidently. They could also carry their portable
houses more easily. These cone-shaped tepees were made by pulling buffalo
skins over several poles. After a successful hunt, the Plains people could
quickly build new villages by setting up groups of tepees in circles.
14. Many Native Americans admired courage in pain or danger. The Plains
people, for example, were proud and brave. Cowards4 were never welcome
among them. Like the Iroquois, they would rather die in battle than live a
long life of peace. As a rule5, the Plains people would never give in6 to an
enemy in battle. But they often honored enemies who showed courage in
battle.
15. The Pueblo people of New Mexico and Arizona lived a more quiet life.
Although they could defend themselves, the Pueblo preferred peace. Beauty
was especially important to them. Many Pueblo could make beautiful
pottery, jewelry, baskets, cotton cloth, and blankets. They were also
excellent farmers. Corn, beans, squash, tobacco, and cotton all grew well in
their fields.
16. Pueblo people did not live in long houses or tepees. Instead, they
built large apartment houses. Made of sun-baked clay 7 and stone, these
apartments had many levels and terraces. For protection against enemies, they
were built into the side of high cliffs. Inside, large Native American groups
lived in peace with each other and with the natural world around them.
Today, some of the Pueblo people remain in their old clay apartments. They
continue the ancient customs they have known for centuries.

1
  be in charge of: responsible for
2
  bark: hard outer covering of a tree
3
  frequently: often
4
  cowards: people who are never brave
5
  as a rule: generally
6
  give in: surrender
7
  clay: earth mixed with water, which becomes hard as it dries

                                                        6