Теория и научный метод в возрастной психологии. Горчакова Е.П - 11 стр.

conscious are partly unconscious, the primitive id is the unconscious, totally
submerged part of the iceberg.
    How does the ego resolve the conflict between its demands for reality, the
wishes of the id, and constraints of the superego? Through defense mechanisms,
the psychoanalytic term for unconscious methods, the ego distorts reality, thereby
protecting it from anxiety. In Freud's view, the conflicting demands of the
personality structures produce anxiety. For example, when the ego blocks the
pleasurable pursuits of the id, inner anxiety is felt. This diffuse, distressed state
develops when the ego senses that the id is going to cause harm to the individual.
The anxiety alerts the ego to resolve the conflict by means of defense
mechanisms.
      They cannot scare me with their empty spaces Between stars – on stars
      where no human race is. I have it in me so much nearer home To scare
      myself with my own desert places.
                                                                        Robert Frost
    Repression is the most powerful and pervasive defense mechanism, according
to Freud; it works to push unacceptable id impulses out of awareness and bach,
into the unconscious mind. Repression is the foundation from which all other
defense mechanisms work; the goal of every defense mechanism is to repress, or
push threatening impulses out of awareness. Freud said that our early childhood
experiences, many of which he believed were sexually laden, are too threatening
and stressful for us to deal with consciously. We reduce the anxiety of this
conflict through the defense mechanism of repression.
I. Find the following expressions in the text and try to explain their meaning
   1. To make smth a challenging undertaking
   2. An important piece to the life-span development puzzle
   3. To disagree about certain aspect of …
   4. The total landscape of the development
   5. To take into account (wether something is right or wrong)
   6. To make life rough for smb (smth)
   7. To cause warm to smb
   8. To reduce anxiety through (smth)
II. Decide which of the choices a, b, c, d is the correct answer
1. Psychoanalytic               theorists         analyze         primarily
    a) emotions
    b) inner workings of the mind
    c) behaviour
    d) mental disoders
2. The best way to keep frustrated in explanation of life-span
    development is
    a) to follow one theory
    b) to discard all existing theories and constrict the new one
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