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ɋɈȾȿɊɀȺɇɂȿ
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ ........................................................................................... 4
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 1
ɁɇȺɄɈɆɋɌȼɈ ɋ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɈɃ VISUAL MICRO LAB
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺ ȼȼɈȾȺ ȼɕɈȾȺ ɑȿɊȿɁ UART ............................... 5
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 2
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺ ȼȼɈȾȺ ɋ UART ɂ ȼɕȼɈȾȺ
ȼ LCD ɆɈȾɍɅɖ ................................................................................ 22
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 3
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺ ɍɉɊȺȼɅȿɇɂə ɌȺɃɆȿɊ–ɋɑȿɌɑɂɄɈɆ
ȼ ɊȿɀɂɆȿ ɒɂɊɈɌɇɈ–ɂɆɉɍɅɖɋɇɈɃ ɆɈȾɍɅəɐɂɂ ........... 37
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 4
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆȺ ȼȼɈȾȺ ɋ ɄɅȺȼɂȺɌɍɊɕ ɂ ȼɕȼɈȾȺ
ȼ LCD ɆɈȾɍɅɖ ................................................................................ 52
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 5
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȼ ɋɊȿȾȿ VISUAL MICRO LAB
ȼ ɆɍɅɖɌɂɉɊɈɐȿɋɋɈɊɇɈɆ ɊȿɀɂɆȿ ...................................... 62
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 6
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈɐɂɎɊɈȼɈȽɈ
ɉɊȿɈȻɊȺɁɈȼȺɌȿɅə ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ ........................ 67
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ7
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ȺɇȺɅɈȽɈȼɈȽɈ
ɄɈɆɉȺɊȺɌɈɊȺ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ ................................ 74
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 8
ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊɈȼ
ɇȺ əɁɕɄȿ ɋɂ ................................................................................... 82
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ʋ 9
ɊȺɁɊȺȻɈɌɄȺ ɉɊɈȽɊȺɆɆɕ ȼȼɈȾȺ, ȼɕɑɂɋɅȿɇɂə ɂ
ȼɕȼɈȾȺ ɊȿɁɍɅɖɌȺɌȺ .................................................................. 86
ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ......................................................... 88
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ 1. ɋɌɊɍɄɌɍɊɇȺə ɋɏȿɆȺ
ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊȺ ATMEGA16 ............................................. 89
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ 2. Ɍɂɉɕ ɄɈɊɉɍɋɈȼ ɂ ɇȺɂɆȿɇɈȼȺɇɂȿ
ȼɕȼɈȾɈȼ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊȺ ATMEGA16 ....................... 90
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ 3. ɊȿȽɂɋɌɊɕ ȼȼɈȾȺ–ȼɕȼɈȾȺ
ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊȺ ATMEGA16 ............................................. 91
ɉɊɂɅɈɀȿɇɂȿ 4. ɋɂɋɌȿɆȺ ɄɈɆȺɇȾ ɆɂɄɊɈɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɅȿɊȺ
ȺɌMȿGȺ16 ɂ ȾɂɊȿɄɌɂȼɕ əɁɕɄȺ ASSEMBLER..................... 93
4
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
Ɇɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ AVR ɨɬɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɛɵɫɬɪɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢ-
ɟɦ ɢ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟɦ. ȼ ɥɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ
ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɣɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥ-
ɥɟɪɨɜ, ɜɵɩɭɫɤɚɟɦɵɯ ɮɢɪɦɨɣ Atmel.
Ʉɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɹ Atmel (ɋɒȺ) ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɦ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɚ ɪɨɫ-
ɫɢɣɫɤɨɦ ɪɵɧɤɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɩɪɢɡɧɚɧɧɵɯ ɦɢ-
ɪɨɜɵɯ ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɜ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɢɡɞɟɥɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ
ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ — ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɛɵɫɬɪɨ-
ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɞɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ, ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ
ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɯɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɦɨɣ ɥɨɝɢɤɢ [1].
Ʌɚɛɨɪɚɬɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɨɡɧɚɤɨɦɹɬ ȼɚɫ ɫ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɡ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɯ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨ
ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ Atmel Corp. ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ – ɥɢɧɢ-
ɟɣ 8-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Com-
puters) ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɦɚɪɤɨɣ
AVR.
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ AVR ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɫɹ ɟɳɟ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢɧɞɭɫɬɪɢɚɥɶ-
ɧɵɦ ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɨɦ ɫɪɟɞɢ 8-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ. ȼ
ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɭ Atmel Corp.
ɧɚɯɨɞɹɬɫɹ ɬɪɢ ɫɟɦɟɣɫɬɜɚ AVR:
«tiny», «classic» ɢ «mega».
Visual Micro Lab (VMLab) ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬ, ɩɨ-
ɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɣ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɭ ɢ ɨɬɥɚɞɤɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɯ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɳɢɯ
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ AVR ɮɢɪɦɵ Atmel ɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɟ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ
ɪɟɡɢɫɬɨɪɵ, ɤɨɧɞɟɧɫɚɬɨɪɵ, ɤɥɸɱɢ, ɫɜɟɬɨɞɢɨɞɵ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ
, ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɧɵɟ ɢ ɞɪɭ-
ɝɢɟ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɬɨɪɵ, ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɢ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨ-
ɪɵ, ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, 8-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɟ ɰɢɮɪɨɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɟ ɩɪɟɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɢ, ɢɧ-
ɬɟɪɮɟɣɫ RS232, LCD ɦɨɞɭɥɢ, I2C ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ. ɋ ɩɨɦɨɳɶɸ
ɩɚɤɟɬɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɟɣɲɭɸ ɦɭɥɶɬɢɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɟɬɶ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹ-
ɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɞɜɭɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ (ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ) ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢɯ
ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨɟ ɦɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɬɟɫɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ IBM – ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɢɦɵɣ
ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪ ɫ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ Pentium 4 ɢɜɵɲɟ. Ɉɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚ Windows
XP ɢɜɵɲɟ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ VMLab ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ:
ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɵɦ ɢɧɬɟɪɮɟɣɫɨɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɹ;
ɛɨɥɶɲɢɦ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨɦ ɦɨɞɟɥɟɣ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ
ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ;
ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɧɚ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ
ɋɂ;
ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɦ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɚɤɟɬɚ VMlab (ɜɟɪɫɢɹ 3.12) ɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɹɬɨ-
ɪɚ ɫ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɋɂ WinAVR.
