Техника микропроцессорных систем в коммутации. Проектирование микропроцессорных систем на базе микроконтроллеров AVR фирмы Atmel. Горохин В.Н. - 4 стр.

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7
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɬ ɩɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ. ɉɚɪɚɥɥɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦ-
ɦɚɬɨɪɵ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɢ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɬ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɬɶ
ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚɦɢ.
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɬɟɨɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ
ɉɚɦɹɬɶ
ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɝɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɨɣ ɚɪɯɢɬɟɤɬɭɪɨɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ AVR-
ɦɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɚ ɪɚɡɞɟɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɞɜɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ: ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɪɨ-
ɝɪɚɦɦ. Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ATmega16 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ EEPROM ɞɥɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɨɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢ-
ɦɨɝɨ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ [5].
ATmega16 ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬ 16 ɤɛɚɣɬ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟ-
ɦɨɣ ɮɥɷɲ-ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ (ɪɢɫ. 1).
Ɋɢɫ. 1. ɉɚɦɹɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ
ɉɟɪɜɵɟ 1120 ɹɱɟɟɤ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɤ ɮɚɣɥɭ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ (32), ɩɚ-
ɦɹɬɢ ɜɜɨɞɚ/ɜɵɜɨɞɚ (64) ɢ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɨɦɭ ɫɬɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɈɁɍ (1024).
Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɩɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɯɜɚɬɚ ɜɫɟɣ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ:
ɩɪɹɦɚɹ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɟɦ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ, ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɞɜɚɪɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ
ɞɟɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ ɢ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɢɧɤɪɟɦɟɧɬɨɦ. Ɋɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ R26–R31 ɢɡ
ɮɚɣɥɚ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɨɜ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɵ-ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɫɜɟɧɧɨɣ
ɚɞɪɟɫɚɰɢɢ.
8
Ɋɢɫ. 2. Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ ɜ ATmega 16
ɉɨɪɬɵ ɜɜɨɞɚ/ɜɵɜɨɞɚ
ɉɨɪɬ B – 8-ɪɚɡɪɹɞɧɵɣ ɞɜɭɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɨɪɬ. Ⱦɥɹ ɨɛɫɥɭɠɢɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɬɚ
ɨɬɜɟɞɟɧɨ ɬɪɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɚ: ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – PORTB ($18, $38), ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – DDRB ($17, $37) ɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɪɬɚ B – PINB ($16, $36). Ⱥɞɪɟɫ ɜɵ-
ɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɪɬɚ B ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ, ɜ ɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ
ɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ – ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ/ɡɚɩɢɫɢ.
ȼɫɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ɩɨɪɬɚ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɤɥɸɱɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɨɞɬɹɝɢɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɟɡɢ-
ɫɬɨɪɵ. Ⱦɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɪɬɚ B ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧɵ ɜ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɟ 1.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 1. Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɜɵɜɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɪɬɚ B
ȼɵɜɨɞ Ⱥɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ
PB0 XCS/T0 (ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ 0)
PB1 T1 (ɜɧɟɲɧɢɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɬɚɣɦɟɪɚ ɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɚ 1)
PB2 INT2/AIN0 (ȼɯɨɞ ɩɪɟɪɵɜɚɧɢɹ 2/ ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɯɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɩɚɪɚɬɨɪɚ)
PB3 OC0/AIN1 (ȼɵɯɨɞ ɫɨɜɩɚɞɟɧɢɹ TC0/Ɉɬɪ. ɜɯɨɞ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɨɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɚ-
ɪɚɬɨɪɚ)
PB4 SS
PB5 MOSI (ȼɯɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɡɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ)
PB6 MISO (ȼɵɯɨɞ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɱɬɟɧɢɹ ɩɚɦɹɬɢ)
PB7 SCK (ȼɯɨɞ ɬɚɤɬɨɜɵɯ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɨɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ
ɡɚɩ./ɱɬ. ɩɚɦɹɬɢ)

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