Английский язык. Горохов В.М. - 13 стр.

Representatives. The state legislatures make both civil and criminal laws for their
states.

        EXECUTIVE BRANCH: Each state has a Governor and a Lieutenant
Governor, who are elected by the people of the state. The structure and functions of
the executive branch differ from state to stale. Most states have a secretary of state, a
treasurer, a controller and an attorney general.

       JUDICIAL BRANCH: The highest court is called the Ap'pellate Court, the
Court of Appeals, or the Supreme Court. Below it are the superior and inferior courts,
which in some states include all local and municipal courts.


         LOCAL GOVERNMENTS
         There are many variations in the structures of local governments. The smallest
government structures are villages. Towns are generally large, and cities are larger
still. The whole state is divided into counties. In some states, each county is divided
into several townships, each containing several towns and villages. In other states,
each county is divided into towns which may have several villages, town centers,
onor hamlets in them. The open (unincorporated) countryside between villages is
governed by the township (town) or the county.

        LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: Villages, towns, and cities (municipalities)
always have some form of legislative board, which is directly elected by the local
citizens. In cities and large towns it is called the town or city council or the board of
'aldermen. In smaller towns and villages, the town council is sometimes called the
board of selectmen. The local legislatures make regulations and spend local tax
money. To help them plan for changes, they often appoint local zoning and planning
boards.
        In most municipalities, the school system is run by a local school board,
which is also directly elected by the people . Sometimes there is a township school
board.
        EXECUTIVE BRANCH: The smallest towns are run by the selectmen with
the help of an elected town clerk or manager. In larger towns and cities there is
always an independent town or city manager or mayor.

       JUDICIAL BRANCH: Villages and small towns have elected justices of the
Peace or local town magistrates. Larger towns and cities have municipal courts. In
some states, these are part of the state court system; in others, they are independent.


       1.State - здесь: штат;
       2.volunteers - неоплачиваемые работники, на общественных началах;
       3.selectmen - члены городского управления;
       4.lieutenant governor - вице-губернатор;
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