Английский для сварщиков. Гричин С.В. - 99 стр.

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99
Working Environment. The working environment is improved
dramatically when Friction Welding is used. Welding flash, fumes and ozone
formation are totally eliminated. Steel brushing and interpass cleaning are
also unnecessary.
Advantages
The advantages of the method are:
High, consistent quality.
Material thickness from 1.6-15 mm can be welded as single-pass procedures.
Material from 15-30 mm can be welded on both sides.
No joint preparation, only degreasing.
No grinding or brushing.
No consumables.
No shielding gas.
Flat surface without weld reinforcement or splatter.
No magnetic blowing as the welding is done without an arc.
Environmentally-compatible method without flash, fumes or ozone
formation. Less risk of pores and cracking as the temperature never reaches
the melting point of aluminium.
No burning off of alloy substance as the temperature never reaches melting
point.
Alloys which are difficult to weld can be welded as there is only a small risk
of hot cracking. High productivity.
Disadvantages
The method can only be used on straight, flat workpieces or hollow
profiles with an abutment or backing. The method requires a stable welding
machine with good reproducibility. Powerful fixture which is able to hold the
components in the correct position throughout the welding operation. The
back of the object must be accessible if 100% penetration is necessary. As the
method requires a stable welding machine with a powerful fixture, the
welding equipment should preferably be stationary. This welding method
leaves an end hole when the tool is pulled away from workpiece. In many
cases, this hole can be cut off, but, in other cases, it has to be sealed using
another method.
Applications
Suitable applications include extruded aluminium profiles for:
shipbuilding; offshore platforms; railway wagons, trams and underground
train carriages; the automobile, brewing, defense industries; production of
electric motors, cooling elements.

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