Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства. Гричин С.В - 33 стр.

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33
Writing
14 Write a short report on the history of welding mentioning
.Project work
15 Read about The ASME Code. Find out the content of the ASME code.
Make a presentation or a report.
The ASME Code
In the late 1920s and early 1930s, the welding of pressure vessels came
on the scene. Welding made possible a quantum jump in pressure attainable
because the process eliminated the low structural efficiency of the riveted
joint. Welding was widely utilized by industry as it strove to increase
operating efficiencies by the use of higher pressures and temperatures, all of
which meant thick-walled vessels. But before this occurred, a code for
fabrication was born from the aftermath of catastrophe.
On April 27, 1865, the steamboat Sultana blew up while transporting
2200 passengers on the Mississippi River. The cause of the catastrophe was
the sudden explosion of three of the steamboat's four boilers, and up to 1500
people were killed as a result. Most of the passengers were Union soldiers
homeward bound after surviving Confederate prison camps. In another
disaster on March 10, 1905, a fire tube boiler in a shoe factory in Brockton,
Mass., exploded, killing 58, injuring 117 and causing damages valued at
$250,000. These two incidents, and the many others between them, proved
there was a need to bring safety to boiler operation. So, a voluntary code of
construction went into effect in 1915 - the ASME Boiler Code.
As welding began to be used, a need for nondestructively examining
those welds emerged. In the 1920s, inspectors tested welds by tapping them
with hammers, then listening to the sound through stethoscopes. A dead
Dates: first millennium AD, 1540, 1800, 1836, 1881, , 1877, 1881, 1892,
1900, 1904, 1907, 1924, 1935, 1948.
Names: Alexander, Jones, Kennedy and Rothermund, Morehead and Wilson,
Oscar Kjellberg, Benardos, Russell Meredith, Edmund Davy, Nikolai
Slavyanov, C.L. Coffin, Vannoccio Biringuccio, Sir Humphrey Davy.
Places: Syria, Russia, Sweden, the US, Britain;
Inventions: modern electrode, resistance welding, oxyacetylene process,
MIG, TIG, atomic hydrogen welding process, submerged arc welding, carbon
electrode.

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