Английский язык для инженеров сварочного производства. Гричин С.В - 97 стр.

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97
- Gases from the degradation of solvent vapours or surface contaminants on
the metal.
The degree of risk to the welder's health from fume/gases will depend on
composition, concentration, the length of time the welder is exposed, the
welder's susceptibility.
Health hazards from particulate fume
The potential hazards from breathing in particulate fume are:
1. Irritation of the respiratory tract. Fine
particles can cause dryness of the throat, tickling,
coughing and if the concentration is particularly high,
tightness of the chest and difficulty in breathing.
2. Metal fume fever. Breathing in metal oxides
such as zinc and copper can lead to an acute flu-like
illness called 'metal fume fever'. It most commonly
occurs when welding galvanised steel; symptoms
usually begin several hours after exposure with a thirst, cough, headache,
sweat, pain in the limbs and fever. Complete recovery usually occurs within
1 to 2 days of removal from the exposure, without any lasting effects.
3. Longer term effects. The continued inhalation of welding fume
over long periods of time can lead to the deposition of iron particles in the
lung, giving rise to a benign condition called siderosis. There is evidence that
welders have a slightly greater risk of developing lung cancer than the
general population. In certain welding situations, there is potential for the
fume to contain certain forms of chromium and/or nickel compounds -
substances which have been associated with lung cancer in processes other
than welding. As yet, no direct link has been clearly established.
Nevertheless, as a sensible precaution and to minimise the risk, special
attention should be paid to controlling fumes which may contain them.
Additional hazards
A number of other specific substances known to be hazardous to health
can be found in welding fume such as barium and fluorides which do not
originate from the metal. If the metal contains a surface coating, there will
also be a potential risk from any toxic substances generated by thermal
degradation of the coating.

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