Английский язык. Громовая И.И - 43 стр.

UptoLike

ВУЗ: 

СПб ГУАП | Санкт-Петербург

Составители: 

Рубрика: 

41
ТЕКСТЫ ДЛЯ ИЗУЧАЮЩЕГО ЧТЕНИЯ, ПЕРЕВОДА И
АКТИВИЗАЦИИ ГРАММАТИЧЕСКОГО МАТЕРИАЛА
Text 3 (A). What is Computing?
Suppose you sit down with pencil and paper and center your attention on
adding figures. You add first all the digits in the right-hand column, then all the
digits in the next column, and so on – until you finally arrive at the answer
1
. When
you do this, you are computing.
When you stop at a street corner, looking first to the left for any coming car,
then to the right, to cross the street or to wait on the sidewalk
2
– you are computing.
When you are walking along a poorly marked path
3
in the woods, thinking if
you are really on the path or have lost it
4
– you are computing.
When you are taking in information or data, performing reasonable operations
(mathematical or logical) on the data, and are producing one or more answers –
you are computing.
A machine can also do this. It can take in information or data, perform a
sequence of reasonable operations (последовательность разумных операций)
on the information, which it has received, and put out answers. When it does this,
it is computing.
A very simple example of a computer is the ordinary business adding machine
which prints on paper tape the number entered into its keyboard, and also prints a
total when you press the total key. A complex example of a computer is a modern
automatic digital computer, which in each second can perform more than
100,000,000,000 additions, subtractions, multiplications, or divisions.
A computing machine can take in and store information because the hardware
inside the machine expresses arithmetical and logical relations, such as adding or
subtracting, comparing or selecting. A computer can also put out information,
display the answers when it receives them. Hardware is useless without software,
which is computer instructions and programs.
The modern computers are of three kinds called analog, digital, and hybrid. An
analog computer computes by using physical analogs of numerical measurements.
A digital computer computes by using numbers (digits) and yes’s and noes expressed
usually in 1’s and 0’s
5
. A hybrid computer is a machine, which combines some of
the properties of digital and analog computers.
NOTES:
1
until you finally arrive at the answer – до тех пор, пока вы наконец не
получите ответ

Страницы