Английский язык. Громовая И.И - 84 стр.

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82
Text 5. From the History of Electricity
Do you know that the first ever man-made electric light illuminated the
laboratory of the St. Petersburg physicist Vasily Petrov in 1802? He had
discovered the electric arc, a form of the gas discharge. But in Petorv’s
experiments the arc flame lasted for only a short time.
In 1876 Pavel Yablochkov invented an arc that burned like a candle for a
long time and it was called “Yablochkov’s candle”. The source of light invented
by Yablochkov won worldwide recognition. But while he and several other
inventors were improving the arc light, some engineers were working along
entirely different lines. They sought to develop an incandescent lamp
1
. It was
a young Russian engineer, Alexander Lodygin, who made the first successful
incandescent lamp. The famous American inventor Thomas Edison improved
the lamp having used a carbon filament. But it was again Lodygin who made
another important improvement in the incandescent lamp, having invented a
lamp with a tungsten filament, the lamp we use today.
Automation, which is one of the main factors of technical progress today,
is impossible without electricity.
Our life cannot be imagined without telephone, telegraph and radio
communications. But it is also electricity that gives them life. In recent years
electricity has made a great contribution to radio communication between the
spaceships and also between the astronauts and the earth.
Little could be done in modern research laboratory without the aid of
electricity. Nearly all of the measuring devices used in developing nuclear
power for the use of mankind are electrically operated.
(1350 t. un.)
NOTES:
1
incandescent lamp – лампочка накаливания
Text 6. Radar
The word “radar” is an abbreviation for the phrase “radio detection and ranging’,
that is, the use of radio waves to detect the presence and determine the precise
position of any stationary or moving object capable of reflecting them. Radio
waves can be reflected by large solid objects in much the same manner as light.
They are, however, able to travel greater distances than light in the Earth’s
atmosphere, because they are not reflected or diffused by small dust particles in
the atmosphere. Radar works on the so-called “echo” principle. It sends out radio
waves and then measures the amount of time that it takes the waves to return.

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