Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 22 стр.

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(segmentation of words into morphemes) and word-formation (making new words

with the help of morphemes).

II. Meaning in Morphemes

Lexical meaning of morphemes may be analysed into denotational and

connotational components. The denotational meaning in affixes is more

generalized than in root-morphemes, e.g. –er carries the meaning the doer of the

action: reader, teacher, singer. All endearing and diminutive suffixes bear a heavy

emotive charge: -ie (girlie, dearie); -ette (kitchenette). Many stylistically marked

affixes are bookish or scientific: a- (amoral); -oid (rhomboid).

All suffixes and some prefixes possess grammatical (part-of-speech)

meaning: -ness (emptiness) carries the nominal meaning of thigness. Root-

morphemes do not possess any grammatical meaning: in the root-morpheme man-

(manly) there is no grammatical meaning of case and number observed in the word

man.

Grammatical and lexical meaning in suffixes are blended: -er (teacher)

carries the meaning thingness (noun) and the doer of the action.

In all polymorphemic words their constituent morphemes possess two more

types of meaning: differential and distributional. Differential meaning

distinguishes a word from all others containig identical morphemes: in the word

teacher the root teach- differentiates it from other words beginning in teach

(teaching). Distributional meaning is the meaning of the order and arrangement of

the constituent morphemes: ring-finger, singer. A different arrangement of the

same morphemes will change the meaning of the word or make the word

meaningless: finger-ring, er-singer.