Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 21 стр.

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e) preposition phraseological units, e.g. in the course of, on the stroke of;

f) interjection phraseological units, e.g. Catch me! Well, I never!

In I.V. Arnold classification there are also sentence equivalents: proverbs,

sayings and quotations, e.g. The sky is the limit, What makes him tick, I am easy.

Proverbs are usually metaphorical, e.g. Too many cooks spoil the broth, while

sayings are, as a rule, non-metaphorical, e.g. Where there is a will there is a way –

Кто хочет, тот добьется.

Lecture 6

Morpheme. Word-Structure

I. Morpheme

Morphemes are the smallest indivisible two-facet units composite words are

made of, e.g. teach-er, kill-joy. A morpheme can occur in speach only as a

constituent part of the word. It may have different phonetic variants (allomorphs):

decision – attention; inactive – illegal. Its meaning varies too: childish – reddish;

encircle – enrich.

Morphemes form an autonomous subsystem of language units. Each

morpheme has its norm of combinability with certain other morphemes, cf.: break-

age, develop-ment – break-ment, develop-age. Morphemes may be homonymous

(motherly - quickly), synonymous (inactive - unhappy), antonymous (useful -

useless).

Affixal morphemes carry lexical and grammatical meaning. Functional

affixes belong to grammar, they build word-forms: ask-ed, long-er. Lexicology is

mainly interested in derivational affixes, as they build words: boy-hood, boy-ish,

boy-like. lexical morphology deals with two different problems: word-structure