Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 35 стр.

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bio – a lexical shortening of the word biography with the meaning a short

biography.

Homonyms can also appear in the language accidentally when two words

coincide in their development, e.g. two native words can coincide in their outer

aspects: to bear from beran (to carry) and bear from bera (an animal). A native

word and a borrowing can coincide in their outer aspects, e.g. fair from Latin feria

and fair from native fager (blond). Two borrowings can coincide, e.g. base from

the French base (Latin basis) and base (low) from the Latin bas (Italian basso).

Homonyms can develop through shortening of different words: COD from

Concise Oxford Dictionary and cash on delivery.

IV. Classification of Homonyms

Walter Skeat classified homonyms according to their spelling and sound

forms and he pointed out three groups: perfect homonyms, words identical in

sound and spelling: school – косяк рыбы and школа; homographs, words with the

same spelling but pronounced differently: bow – поклон and bow – лук;

homophones, words pronounced identically but spelled differently: night - ночь

and knight - рыцарь.

Another classification was suggested by A.I. Smirnitsky. He added to

Skeat’s classification one more criterion: grammatical meaning. he subdivided the

group of perfect homonyms into two types:

a) perfect homonyms which are identical in their spelling, pronunciation

and their grammar form: spring in the meanings the season of the year, a

leap, a source;

b) homoforms which coincide in their spelling and pronunciation but have

different grammatical meaning:

reading – Present Participle, Gerund,

Verbal noun; to lobby-lobby.

I.V. Arnold pointed out the following groups of homonyms: