Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 56 стр.

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The first settlers took some of the names for local places, animals, plants,

customs from languages spoken by the local population – Indians: chipmuck (an

American sqiurrel), squaw (an Indian woman). Besides Englishmen, settlers from

France, Spain and other countries came to America. Therefore, some words were

borrowed from their languages: bureau, depot, pumpkin (French), bonanza,

cockroach, lasso (Spanish). Such words as boss, dope, sleigh were borrowed from

Dutch.

The second period of American English history begins in the 19

century.

Immigrants continued to come from Europe to America. Italians brought with them

a style of cooking which brought with them a style of cooking which became

widely spread and such words as pizza, spaghetti came into English. There were

words borrowed from German: hamburger, noodle, schnitzel.

During the second period of American English history there appeared quite a

number of words and word-groups which were formed in the language due to the

new political system, liberation of America from the British colonialism, its

independence. the following lexical units appeared due to these events: The United

States of America, assembly, Senate, senator, President, Vice-President.

III. Differences between British and American English

There are some differences between British and American English in their

usage:

1. Differences in the usage of prepositions: such as prepositions with dates,

days of the week. British English (BE) requires on (I start my holiday on

Friday). In American English (AE) there is no preposition (I start my

vacation Friday). Compare also a quarter to five (BE) and a quarter of five

b(AE), in the street (BE) and on the street (AE).

2. There are also differences in vocabulary.