Лекции по лексикологии английского языка. Гусева Г.В. - 59 стр.

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It should be mentioned that the American English is practically uniform all

over the country, because of the conctant transfer of people from one part of the

country to the other. However, some peculiarities in New York dialect can be

pointed out, e.g. there is no distinction between [ǽ] and [a:] in such words as ask,

dance, sand, bad, both phonemes are possible. The combinations ir and ear in the

words bird, girl, learn is pronounced as [oi]. In the words duty, tune [j] is not

pronounced [´du:ti], [tu:n].

Lecture 15

Lexicography

I. The History of Compiling Dictionaries for English

The theory and practice of compiling dictionaries is called lexicography.

The history of compiling dictionaries for English comes as far back as the Old

English period, where we can find glosses of religious books (interlinear

translations from Latin into English). Regular bilingual dictionaries began to

appear in the 15

century (Anglo-Latin, Anglo-French, Anglo-German).

The first unilingual dictionary explaining difficult words appeared in 1604,

the author was Robert Cawdry, a schoolmaster.

In 1775 an English scientist Samuel Johnson compiled a famous explanatory

dictionary. Every word in his dictionary was illustrated by examples from English

literature, the meanings of words were clear from the contexts in which they were

used.

In 1884 the first volume of a dictionary including all the words existing in

the language was published. It contained words beginning with A and B. The last

volume was published in 1928. The dictionary was called NED (New English

Dictionary) and contained 12 volumes.