Современная архитектура. Гусева О.Г - 21 стр.

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20
patrons, the natural tastes of a French master-mason, and the instincts of native
craftsmen.
Four years before the fire of 1174 the most significant event in the medieval his-
tory of the cathedral had occurred. On the 29th of December 1170 Thomas Becket,
appointed archbishop by Henry II, whose friend he had been, was killed by four Henry's
knights inside the cathedral. Four years later Thomas was canonized and so arose the
cult of St Thomas the Martyr. Thousands of pilgrims came to Canterbury for 300
years to see his shrine. In 1220 his body was transfered from the crypt to the Trinity
Chapel east of the high altar.
In 1376 a new nave began to be constructed. The Perpendicular central tower,
begun in 1495, is the most notable feature of the exterior. It rises in two stories to a
height of 235 ft from the ground, and is known as Bell Harry Tower from the great
bell it contains or the Angel steeple from the gilded figure of an angel which formely
adorned it. The Perpendicular nave is flanked with massive buttresses, rising in tiers.
The south-west of these towers is an original Perpendicular structure, while the north-
west was copied from it in 1834-40, replacing the Norman tower which had carried a
spire and had become unsafe. The cathedral has double transepts, and the projecting
chapel east of the south-east transept is known as Anselm's tower. The cathedral
terminates eastward in a graceful apsidal form (Trinity Chapel), with the final addition
of the circular eastern chapel built by William the Englishman, and known as the
Corona of Becket's Crown.
In the centre of the Trinity Chapel, situated behind the altar, stood the shrine o St
Thomas of Canterbury. It was destroyed under Henry VIII in 1538. The north-west
transept is said to be the actual scene of hi murder, the spot where he fell is shown on the
floor, but this part of the building is o later date than the tragedy.
In most English cathedrals the choir is separated from the nave by a screen, a
Canterbury the separation is marked not only by the screen but also by a broad flight
of steps leading up to the screen, the choir floor (but not its roof) being much higher
than that of the nave. In the choir (late 12th century) arches are both round and
pointed, a remarkable illustration of the transition between the Norman and Early
Engish. The organ is not seen, being hidden in the triforium and played from the
choir. The Lady Chapel and so-called Warrior Chapel were added during the fifteenth
century. The north tower chapel is called St Andrew's.
Among the remains of the monastic buildings we may mention the Norman
ruins of the infirmary, the fine two-storey treasury and the lavatory tower, Norman in
the lower part and Perpendicular in the upper. The cloisters are of various dates. There
is also a chapter-house and a modern library.
The archbishop of Canterbury Cathedral of Christ Church is Primate of all
England.
_________________
Vocabulary:
a pagan invader
a limb

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