Английский язык. Методические указания. Жесткова М.В. - 11 стр.

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almost four miles. On that first historic day, 30,000 Londoners made the first underground
railway travel in the world.
In the early days, the trains were driven by steam locomotives, which burnt coal, filling
the tunnels with smoke. It is said that the train staff and porters asked for a permission to grow
beards and moustaches – as an early form of smog mask. The tunnels of the first underground
were made as small as possible in order to reduce the construction costs. The coaches
themselves were small and narrow.
According to Pearson’s project, all lines were laid down close to the ground surface. The
deep tunneling came later, in 1890. Constructing the tunnel through miles of clay, sand and
gravel is no easy task, and it was James Henry Greathead who developed the method, which
made the construction of most London tunnels possible. One of the longest continuous tunnels
in the world is the 17½-mile tunnel on the Northern line. The first escalator was also installed in
the London Underground in 1911.
During the World War II, the London Underground served as a shelter for thousands of
Londoners. Many British Museum treasures spent the war in the tunnels of the underground.
The railways were prepared for any emergency that might occur. They had duplicate control
systems, repair groups, duplicate power supply and so on. To minimize the danger of flooding
the underground near the Thames, isolating doors were built in the tunnels. All the trains were
equipped with special reduced lighting for using on open sections of track.
Nowadays the London Underground is the most popular means of city transport. Its
length is about 300 km and it has 273 stations.
Х. Укажите, какие из следующих утверждений соответствуют содержанию
текста. Используйте фразы: It is right. It is wrong. Исправьте неверные
утверждения.
1. The underground railways appeared in the 20
th
century. 2. The London Underground is
the oldest Metro in the world. 3. The first line was constructed according to Pearson’s project.
4. In the 19
th
century, all the trains were driven by electric locomotives. 5. The first line of the
London Underground was laid down deep under the ground. 6. The method of deep tunneling
was developed by James Greathead. 7. The first escalator in the world was installed in the
Moscow Metro. 8. During the World War II the London Underground did not operate. 9.
Different measures were taken to minimize the danger of flooding the tunnels near the Thames.
10. At present, the length of the London Underground is over 400 km.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на
употребление времён группы Indefinite (Present, Past, Future) в действительном
залоге. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.
1. At this railway station, the stops of the trains last only five minutes. 2. Such engineers
as Frolov, Yartzev, and Polsunov made great contribution to the development of railway
transport in Russia. 3. If you help me, I shall repair the engine in an hour. 4. In spite of the
dense fog, the train was not late. 5. The project of the Helsinki-St. Petersburg railway
reconstruction envisages track modernization and installation of the safety systems and remote
control systems.

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