Английский язык. Жесткова М.В - 110 стр.

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110
4) No wonder the radio [not to work – Present Continuous Active], you [not to plug – Present
Perfect Active] it.
5) After a high-speed monorail railway [to construct – Past Perfect Passive] in Tokyo, the
problem of passenger transportation [to solve – Past Indefinite Passive].
6) Similar results [to achieve – Present Perfect Passive] by two scientists in the course of their
work.
7) I [to find – Past Indefinite Active] the information about this invention on the Internet.
8) The construction of the new circular road which [to link – Future Indefinite Active] several
districts [to start – Present Perfect Active] recently.
9) The ore [to transport – Present Indefinite Passive] from the mine to the processing plant by
the railway.
10) It [to calculate – Present Perfect Passive] that 1,000 tons of tickets [to use – Present Indefinite
Passive] annually on the Japanese Railways.
11) The Internet [to bring – Present Perfect Active] new opportunity for businesses to offer goods
and services online.
12) The text of the contract [to be – Future Indefinite Active] ready in an hour, the secretary [to
type – Present Continuous Active] it.
TEXT A
Read and translate the text using a dictionary if necessary.
COMPUTER SYSTEMS
[1] A computer is known to be a device that has the ability to accept, store and process enormous
quantities of data. Computers can be divided into three main types, depending on their size and power.
Mainframe computers are the largest and most powerful. They can handle large amounts of
information very quickly and can be used by many people at the same time. They usually fill a
whole room and are sometimes referred to as computer installations. They are found in large
institutions and government departments.
Minicomputers, commonly known as minis, are smaller and less powerful than mainframes.
They are about the size of an office desk and are usually found in banks and offices. They are
becoming less popular as microcomputers are being improved.
Microcomputers, commonly known as micros, are the smallest and least powerful. They are
about the size of a typewriter. They can handle smaller amounts of information at a time and are
slower than the other two types. They are ideal for use as home computers and are also used in
education and business. More powerful microcomputers are being gradually produced; therefore
they are becoming the most commonly used type of computers.
[2] A computer can do very little until it is given some information. This is known as the
input and usually consists of a program (a set of instructions, written in a special computer
language, telling the computer what operations and processes are to be carried out and in what
order they should be done) and some data (the particular information that has to be processed by
the computer). Data brought out of the computer is known as output. Information in the form of
programs and data is called software.
[3] The pieces of equipment making up the computer system are known as hardware.
The most important item of hardware is the CPU (Central Processing Unit). It contains the
processor and the main memory. The processor is the brain of the computer. It does all the
processing and controls all the other devices in the computer system. The main memory is the
part of the computer where programs and data being used by the processor can be stored.
However, it has a limited capacity.
[4] All the other devices in the computer system, which can be connected to the CPU, are
known as peripherals. These include input devices, output devices and storage devices.

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