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5
QUESTION II
Task 1
I. Read and translate the text without a dictionary (15 minutes).
II. Rendering of the text (15 minutes).
HOW MANY TYPES OF HYDROGEN
ARE THERE ON EARTH?
It was thought previously that there was only one hydrogen on
Earth, that with an atomic weight of one. Murphy and his colleagues dis-
covered a second hydrogen, twice as heavy. This was the hydrogen iso-
tope having the atomic weight two. Isotopes are varieties of atoms with
the same charge but different atomic weights. In other words, the nuclei
of isotopic atoms contain an equal number of protons, but different num-
bers of neutrons. Isotopes are known for all the chemical elements: some
of them exist in nature; others have been obtained artificially by means of
nuclear reactions.
The hydrogen isotope whose nucleus is a bare proton is called po-
dium and its symbol is H. This is the only atomic nucleus, which con-
tains no neutrons at all (Another unique property of hydrogen!). Add a
neutron to this single proton and the result is the nucleus of the heavy
hydrogen isotope called deuterium (H
2
or D
2
). Podium is far more abun-
dant in nature than deuterium, constituting over 99 per cent of all the hy-
drogen.
But there is a third variety of hydrogen, with two neutrons in its
nucleus; this is tritium (H
3
or T
3
). It forms only to disappear again rather
quickly. It is radioactive and decays into a helium isotope (helium-3).
Tritium is a very rare element, its content in all the atmosphere of the
Earth is only 6 grams. There is only one atom of tritium in every 10 cubic
centimeters of air. Just recently still heavier isotopes of hydrogen H
4
and
H
5
have been obtained artificially, but they are unstable.
The fact of its having isotopes does not distinguish hydrogen
among the chemical elements. What does distinguish it is that hydrogen
isotopes differ noticeably in properties, primarily in physical properties.
Isotopes of the other elements are almost indiscriminable.
6
Phrases for rendering
Вопросы, обсуждаемые в статье:
1. The paper (article) deals with some aspect of… (имеет дело с
некоторыми аспектами)
2. The paper (article) considers the problem of… (рассматривает
проблемы)
3. The paper (article) represents the basic theory… (представляет
основную теорию)
4. The paper (article) providers information on… (обеспечивает
информацией)
5. The paper (article) reviews the basic principles of… (делает об-
зор основных положений)
6. The paper (article) is concerned with…
7. The paper (article) is devoted to… (посвящена)
8. The subject … is…
9. The key-note (main idea) is…
Начало статьи:
1. The paper (article) begins with a short discussion on…
2. The paper (article) deals firstly with the problem of…
3. The first paragraph deals with…
4. First (as first, at the beginning) the author points out that (notes
that, describes)…
Переход к изложению следующей части статьи:
1. Then the author does on to the problem of…
2. The next (following) paragraph deals with (presents, discusses,
describes)…
3. After discussing… the author turns to…
4. Next (further, then) the author tries to (indicates that, explains
that)…
5. It must be emphasized that (should be noted that)…
Phrases for rendering
QUESTION II
Вопросы, обсуждаемые в статье:
1. The paper (article) deals with some aspect of… (имеет дело с
Task 1
некоторыми аспектами)
I. Read and translate the text without a dictionary (15 minutes). 2. The paper (article) considers the problem of… (рассматривает
II. Rendering of the text (15 minutes). проблемы)
3. The paper (article) represents the basic theory… (представляет
HOW MANY TYPES OF HYDROGEN основную теорию)
ARE THERE ON EARTH? 4. The paper (article) providers information on… (обеспечивает
It was thought previously that there was only one hydrogen on информацией)
5. The paper (article) reviews the basic principles of… (делает об-
Earth, that with an atomic weight of one. Murphy and his colleagues dis-
covered a second hydrogen, twice as heavy. This was the hydrogen iso- зор основных положений)
tope having the atomic weight two. Isotopes are varieties of atoms with 6. The paper (article) is concerned with…
the same charge but different atomic weights. In other words, the nuclei 7. The paper (article) is devoted to… (посвящена)
of isotopic atoms contain an equal number of protons, but different num- 8. The subject … is…
bers of neutrons. Isotopes are known for all the chemical elements: some 9. The key-note (main idea) is…
of them exist in nature; others have been obtained artificially by means of
Начало статьи:
nuclear reactions.
1. The paper (article) begins with a short discussion on…
The hydrogen isotope whose nucleus is a bare proton is called po-
2. The paper (article) deals firstly with the problem of…
dium and its symbol is H. This is the only atomic nucleus, which con-
3. The first paragraph deals with…
tains no neutrons at all (Another unique property of hydrogen!). Add a
4. First (as first, at the beginning) the author points out that (notes
neutron to this single proton and the result is the nucleus of the heavy
that, describes)…
hydrogen isotope called deuterium (H2 or D2). Podium is far more abun-
dant in nature than deuterium, constituting over 99 per cent of all the hy-
drogen. Переход к изложению следующей части статьи:
1. Then the author does on to the problem of…
But there is a third variety of hydrogen, with two neutrons in its
2. The next (following) paragraph deals with (presents, discusses,
nucleus; this is tritium (H3 or T3). It forms only to disappear again rather
describes)…
quickly. It is radioactive and decays into a helium isotope (helium-3).
3. After discussing… the author turns to…
Tritium is a very rare element, its content in all the atmosphere of the
4. Next (further, then) the author tries to (indicates that, explains
Earth is only 6 grams. There is only one atom of tritium in every 10 cubic
that)…
centimeters of air. Just recently still heavier isotopes of hydrogen H4 and
5. It must be emphasized that (should be noted that)…
H5 have been obtained artificially, but they are unstable.
The fact of its having isotopes does not distinguish hydrogen
among the chemical elements. What does distinguish it is that hydrogen
isotopes differ noticeably in properties, primarily in physical properties.
Isotopes of the other elements are almost indiscriminable.
5 6
