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15
Three of these elements (scandium, gallium and germanium) were
soon discovered, and it was found that their properties and the properties
of their compounds are very close to those predicted by Mendeleyev.
Since then the elements technetium, rhenium, and protactinium have
been discovered or made artificially, and also have been found to have
properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleyev.
II. Answer the questions.
1. What had the first Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev made?
2. What has “short-periodic” form been replaced on?
3. What did Mendeleyev find in 1871?
4. What was Dmitri Mendeleyev able to predict?
III. Retell the text.
16
TOPIC 4
I. Read and translate the text.
CHEMISTRY
Chemistry is the science which is concerned with the composition of
substances and their transformations, their changes, the conditions under
which such changes take place, and the energy, which accompany them.
Being one of the fundamental sciences chemistry plays an impor-
tant part in the development of biology, physics, geology, medicine and
other fields of science. The science of chemistry constitutes today a major
tool of progress in the hands of mankind. In collaboration with physics and
power engineering, chemistry faces the global problems of the 20th century,
such as search for new power resources, provision of the growing population
of the earth with food, environmental protection, and human health. The
modern scientists studying the basic laws that govern chemical transfor-
mations are searching for the methods of producing more and more novel sub-
stances noted for their properties. They develop new effective techniques
and processes in the field of chemical engineering.
It is common knowledge that chemical science and technology are part
and parcel of man's everyday existence. The chemical industry produces
new types of building materials and fertilizers, fabrics and clothes, medi-
cines and dyestuffs – in short, everything necessary for industry, agriculture,
and for man's cultural and home needs.
The contribution made by Russian chemists to world science is widely
known. We can't but mention Academician Vernadsky, originator of geo-
chemistry, Academician Zelinsky, founder of the school of organic chemistry,
Academician Semyonov, founder of the theory of chemical chain.
The fine traditions of chemistry development date back to the pe-
riod when the foundation of Russian chemical science was laid. In this con-
nection we may mention Lomonosov, Butlerov, Zinin and particularly Men-
deleyev, the great Russian scientist who discovered the Periodic Law.
The classical works of Russian scientists not only served as a theoretical
basis for the development of chemical industry, but also enabled to set up
a number of modern branches of the chemical industry.
Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry and its future
is practically unlimited.
Three of these elements (scandium, gallium and germanium) were TOPIC 4
soon discovered, and it was found that their properties and the properties
I. Read and translate the text.
of their compounds are very close to those predicted by Mendeleyev.
Since then the elements technetium, rhenium, and protactinium have
CHEMISTRY
been discovered or made artificially, and also have been found to have
properties similar to those predicted by Mendeleyev. Chemistry is the science which is concerned with the composition of
substances and their transformations, their changes, the conditions under
II. Answer the questions. which such changes take place, and the energy, which accompany them.
1. What had the first Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleyev made? Being one of the fundamental sciences chemistry plays an impor-
2. What has “short-periodic” form been replaced on? tant part in the development of biology, physics, geology, medicine and
3. What did Mendeleyev find in 1871? other fields of science. The science of chemistry constitutes today a major
4. What was Dmitri Mendeleyev able to predict? tool of progress in the hands of mankind. In collaboration with physics and
power engineering, chemistry faces the global problems of the 20th century,
III. Retell the text. such as search for new power resources, provision of the growing population
of the earth with food, environmental protection, and human health. The
modern scientists studying the basic laws that govern chemical transfor-
mations are searching for the methods of producing more and more novel sub-
stances noted for their properties. They develop new effective techniques
and processes in the field of chemical engineering.
It is common knowledge that chemical science and technology are part
and parcel of man's everyday existence. The chemical industry produces
new types of building materials and fertilizers, fabrics and clothes, medi-
cines and dyestuffs – in short, everything necessary for industry, agriculture,
and for man's cultural and home needs.
The contribution made by Russian chemists to world science is widely
known. We can't but mention Academician Vernadsky, originator of geo-
chemistry, Academician Zelinsky, founder of the school of organic chemistry,
Academician Semyonov, founder of the theory of chemical chain.
The fine traditions of chemistry development date back to the pe-
riod when the foundation of Russian chemical science was laid. In this con-
nection we may mention Lomonosov, Butlerov, Zinin and particularly Men-
deleyev, the great Russian scientist who discovered the Periodic Law.
The classical works of Russian scientists not only served as a theoretical
basis for the development of chemical industry, but also enabled to set up
a number of modern branches of the chemical industry.
Everyone now understands the importance of chemistry and its future
is practically unlimited.
15 16
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