Квантовая теория двойного и тройного деления атомных ядер. Кадменский С.Г - 15 стр.

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15
ɝɞɟ

,'
JM
G
WW
– ɦɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ƚɪɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:


ˆˆ
,' '.
JJM
A
QH E QG
V
WW GW W
(13)
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ
ˆ
J
M
K
Q
S
V
<
ɞɥɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
J
M
U
S
D
, ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ:
^`

11 1 2 2 2
11 2 2
,
L
F
JM J M
JM L
LM
KK
FM
J
M
UiY
SS
S
D
VV
½
°
< < :
®® ¾
¯¿
°
¯
(14)
ɝɞɟ ɮɢɝɭɪɧɵɟ ɫɤɨɛɤɢ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɜ; ɲɚɪɨɜɚɹ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ

L
LM
Y : , ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɚɹ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɸ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɪɛɢɬɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɨɦ
L
, ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɨɬ ɬɟɥɟɫɧɨɝɨ
ɭɝɥɚ
,
T
M
:{
, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɞɢɭɫɚ-ɜɟɤɬɨɪɚ
12
RR Rɜ
ɥ. ɫ., ɩɪɢɱɟɦ
1
R ɢ
2
R – ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɵ ɰɟɧɬɪɨɜ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫ
ɦɚɫɫɨɜɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ
1
A
ɢ
2
A
(
21
A
At
); ɜɨɥɧɨɜɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ
ii i
ii
M
K
S
V
< ,
ɨɩɢɫɵɜɚɸɳɢɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɚɤɫɢɚɥɶɧɨ-ɫɢɦɦɟɬɪɢɱɧɵɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɦɟɸɬ
ɜɢɞ, ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɣ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɟ
(2) ɫ ɡɚɦɟɧɨɣ
JM K
S
VZ
ɧɚ
iiiii i
JM K
SV Z
;
ɤɚɧɚɥɨɜɵɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ
D
, ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɤɚɧɚɥɚɦ
ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
cFL
D
{ ,
1112 22
cKJKJ
VV
{
.
ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɟ
ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɪɨɣɤɟ ɢɯ ɧɭɤɥɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɚ, ɬ. ɟ. ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɬ ɛɟɡ
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
i
A
,
i
Z
. ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɝɚɦɢɥɶɬɨɧɢɚɧ
A
H
ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ:
0
,
AA
H
HV (15)
ɝɞɟ
0
A
H
– ɝɚɦɢɥɶɬɨɧɢɚɧ ɧɟɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɚ V –
ɫɭɦɦɚ ɤɭɥɨɧɨɜɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɨɜ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɧɵɯ
ɮɪɚɝɦɟɧɬɨɜ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɸ Ƚɪɢɧɚ

,'
JM
G
WW
(13) ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ


,' ,
JM
R
R
GGiFF
DD D
WW
!
(16)
ɝɞɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ
R
!
(
R
) ɜɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɟ (ɦɟɧɶɲɟɟ) ɢɡ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɣ ɦɨɞɭɥɟɣ
ɪɚɞɢɭɫɨɜ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɨɜ
R
ɢ '
R
, ɜɯɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɛɨɪɚ
W
ɢ '
W
ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ ɞɟɥɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɞɪɚ,
F
D
ɢ
G
D
– ɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɪɟɝɭɥɹɪɧɵɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɧɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ
G
-ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɩɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ:
ɝɞɟ G JM W ,W ' – ɦɧɨɝɨɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ Ƚɪɢɧɚ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɹɟɬ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ:
                  Qˆ H A  EVJ QG
                               ˆ JM W ,W ' G W  W ' .          (13)
ɉɪɢ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɥɧɨɜɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɞɟɥɹɳɟɝɨɫɹ ɹɞɪɚ ɜ ɤɥɚɫɬɟɪɧɨɣ
ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ Qˆ

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