Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 100 стр.

ɥɢ ɫɬɨɥɤɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɬɚɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚɦɢ ɜɨ ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦɟ. ɂ ɜɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢɡ ɷɬɨ-
ɝɨ ɜɵɲɥɨ. Ɉɬɫɸɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɢ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ. ȼɵ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ
60-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɒɬɚɬɚɦ ɩɪɢɲɥɨɫɶ ɨɬɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɨɬ ɡɨɥɨɬɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɧ-
ɞɚɪɬɚ ɜ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɚɥɸɬɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ. ɂ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɩɪɹɦɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵ-
ɦɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɚɦɢ, ɜɵɡɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɫɤɨɣ ɜɨɣɧɨɣ. ɂ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚ, ɤɨɬɨ-
ɪɚɹ ɜɵɧɭɞɢɥɚ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɞɟɜɚɥɶɜɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɨɥɥɚɪ, – ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟ-
ɫɤɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟ ɛɟɞɧɵɯ ɫɥɨɟɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɢ ɢ ɫɟɛɟ ɥɭɱ-
ɲɟɣ ɞɨɥɢ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɨɜɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ȼɨ ȼɶɟɬɧɚɦɟ – ɧɚɞɨ ɩɨɧɹɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧ-
ɬɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɜɟɳɶ – ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɩɨɬɟɪɩɟɥɢ ɧɚɫɬɨɹ-
ɳɟɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ. ɗɬɨ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ
ɲɨɤ ɞɥɹ ɋɒȺ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɮɚɤɬ. Ɇɚɥɟɧɶɤɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɚ, ɞɚ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɟɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢ-
ɜɚɥɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɵ, ɟɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɥ Ʉɢɬɚɣ, ɧɨ, ɬɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɛɟɡ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨ-
ɫɬɢ, ɛɟɡ ɝɟɪɨɢɡɦɚ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɫɤɨɝɨ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ, ɛɟɡ ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɬ-
ɪɢɨɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɞɴɟɦɚ ɜɶɟɬɧɚɦɰɟɜ, ɨɧɢ ɧɢɤɨɝɞɚ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɥɢ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɬɶ
ɤɪɭɩɧɟɣɲɭɸ ɞɟɪɠɚɜɭ ɦɢɪɚ, ɧɨ ɨɧɢ ɟɟ ɩɨɛɟɞɢɥɢ. ɇɭ ɜɨɬ, ɬɚɤɨɜ ɜɤɪɚɬɰɟ
ɤɭɪɫ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɫ 1945 ɩɨ 1970 ɝɨɞ…» 146 . ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ
ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɫɬɢɥɫɹ ɢɡ ȿɜɪɨɩɵ ɧɚ ȼɨɫɬɨɤ. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɨɬ ɪɟɝɢɨɧ ɫɬɚɥ ɬɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɨɦ, ɝɞɟ ɋɒȺ ɢ ɋɋɋɊ ɨɬɪɚɛɚ-
ɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚ-
ɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɥɚɫɶ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ 1960-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ.
     ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ɂ. ȼɚɥɥɟɪɫɬɚɣɧɚ, 1968 ɝɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɨɣ ɞɚɬɨɣ ɜ ɢɫ-
ɬɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ: «…ɜ 1968 ɝɨɞɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɲɥɚ ɦɢɪɨɜɚɹ
ɢɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ, ɦɢɪɨ-ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɚɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ. 1968 ɝɨɞ – ɷɬɨ ɩɪɢɛɥɢɡɢ-
ɬɟɥɶɧɚɹ, ɫɢɦɜɨɥɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɞɚɬɚ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɫɟ ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɜ 1965–1967 ɝɨɞɚɯ ɢ
ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨ 1970–1971 ɝɨɞɚ, ɧɨ 1968 ɝɨɞ – ɷɬɨ ɩɢɤ. ɂ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ. ȼ 1968 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɩɨ ɜɫɟɦɭ ɦɢɪɭ. ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ,
ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ ɠɟ, ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ Ⱥɧɝɥɢɢ, ɜɨ Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɢ, ɜ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɚɯ. Ⱦɚɠɟ ɜ ɉɨɪɬɭɝɚɥɢɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɟɳɟ ɹɜ-
ɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɮɚɲɢɫɬɫɤɨɣ ɞɢɤɬɚɬɭɪɨɣ. Ⱥ ɡɚɬɟɦ, ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚ-
ɡɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ, ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɦɢɪɨɦ. ə ɫɱɢɬɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɤɢɬɚɣ-
ɫɤɚɹ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɹ ɛɵɥɚ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ 1968 ɝɨɞɚ.
ɇɭ ɢ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜ ɑɟɯɨ-
ɫɥɨɜɚɤɢɢ, ɜ ȼɟɧɝɪɢɢ, ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ. ȼɟɡɞɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɹ
ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɩɪɚɜɹɳɟɣ ɛɸɪɨɤɪɚɬɢɢ. ɇɭ ɢ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ ɧɚ Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɦɢɪ. ɋɟ-
ɧɟɝɚɥ, Ɍɭɧɢɫ, ȿɝɢɩɟɬ, ɝɞɟ-ɬɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɛɪɨɞɢɬ, ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɟɜɨɥɸ-
ɰɢɢ. ə ɛɵ ɫɤɚɡɚɥ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ, ɤɚɤɨɟ-ɬɨ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɢɟ, – ɩɪɨɢɫ-
ɯɨɞɢɬ ɫɟɪɢɹ ɜɡɪɵɜɨɜ. Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɢɞɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ
ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɤɥɚɫɫɚ, ɦɟɧɶ-
ɲɢɧɫɬɜɚ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɨɝɥɹɞɢɬɟ, ɤɚɤɨɜɚ ɝɥɚɜɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ 1968 ɝɨɞɚ. ɇɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ
ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ, ɧɟɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɧɚ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟ-

146
   ɋɦ.: From Good Times to Bad? Traectory of the World System. 1945–2025 / ed.
T.K. Hopkins, I. Wallerstein. – N.Y., 1996.
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