Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 102 стр.

ɩɟɱɟɧɢɹ, ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɫɟɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ… Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɚɧɬɢ-
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɛɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɩɪɨ-
ɝɪɚɦɦɵ. Ⱦɚ, ɨɧɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ-ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɨɧɢ ɜɟɡɞɟ ɩɪɢɲɥɢ ɤ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ.
Ʉɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɵ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥ-ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɵ, ɧɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ-ɨɫɜɨɛɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɜɢɠɟ-
ɧɢɹ. ɂ ɜɨɬ ɜ 1968 ɝɨɞɭ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɨɬɟɫɬ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɭɠɟ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɥɟɜɵɯ. ɂɯ ɨɛ-
ɜɢɧɹɸɬ „ɧɨɜɵɟ ɥɟɜɵɟ” ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ, ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɜɵ ɞɨɛɢɥɢɫɶ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɢ ɡɚɛɪɚɥɢ
ɟɟ ɞɥɹ ɫɟɛɹ, ɜɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɜɥɚɫɬɶ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɞɟɪɠɢɬɟ ɪɚɞɢ ɫɨɛ-
ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɣ…» 148 . ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɹ ɩɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɸ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɠɢɡɧɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɥɟɜɵɯ Ɂɚɩɚɞ ɧɚɱɚɥ ɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ.
     ɗɬɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɜ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨɦ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɜ-
ɲɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɜ ɪɚɡɦɵɜɚɧɢɢ ɟɟ ɝɪɚɧɢɰ. ȼ ɪɚɦ-
ɤɚɯ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɧɚɦɟɬɢɥɢɫɶ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɛɥɨɤɚ. ɋɨɸɡɧɢɤɢ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ ɋɒȺ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɧɚɣɬɢ
ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥ ɜ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟ-
ɩɟɧɢ ɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɦ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɜɟɪɯɞɟɪɠɚɜ: «…ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɛɥɨ-
ɤɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɏɏ ɩɚɪɬɫɴɟɡɞɚ, ɫ ɨɬɬɟɩɟɥɢ, ɫ ɏɪɭɳɟɜɚ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɪɚɫ-
ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ, ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɟɬɫɹ. Ʌɸɞɹɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɨɧɢ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɟɟ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɟɟ, ɢ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɜɵɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɧɟɠɟɥɚɧɢɟ
ɠɢɬɶ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɢɦ ɧɚɜɹɡɚɥ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ. ɇɨ ɩɨɫɦɨɬ-
ɪɢɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ. Ⱥɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜ ɡɚɩɚɞɧɨɦ ɦɢɪɟ. ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢ-
ɬɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɣ ɫ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɸɡɨɦ. ȼ 80-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ
ȿɜɪɨɩɚ ɯɨɬɟɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɢɬɶ ɝɚɡɨɩɪɨɜɨɞ ɢɡ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɢ ɩɨɤɭɩɚɬɶ ɫɨ-
ɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɝɚɡ. ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɛɵɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɞɟɥɤɢ. Ɉɧɢ ɫɨɜɟɪ-
ɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɥɢ: ɷɬɨ ɭɠɚɫɧɚɹ ɢɞɟɹ. ȼɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɟɬɟ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ
ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɫɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ. ɉɨɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟ, Ɏɪɚɧɰɢɹ, ɎɊȽ ɧɟ ɨɛ-
ɪɚɬɢɥɢ ɧɚ ɷɬɨ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ. ȼɨɬ ɷɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɟɫɚɬɟɥɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ, ɷɬɨ ɧɢɱɭɬɶ ɧɟ
ɦɟɧɶɲɢɣ ɭɞɚɪ ɩɨ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭ, ɱɟɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɧɨɜɟɧɢɟ ɋɨɥɢɞɚɪ-
ɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɉɨɥɶɲɟ, ɤɚɤ ɭɞɚɪ ɩɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦɭ ɝɨɫɩɨɞɫɬɜɭ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɨɛɟ ɫɜɟɪɯ-
ɞɟɪɠɚɜɵ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɧɚɞ ɫɜɨɢɦɢ ɫɮɟɪɚɦɢ ɜɥɢɹ-
ɧɢɹ…» 149 . Ɍɚɤɢɟ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɧɵɟ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɚɦɟɪɢ-
ɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ.
     ȼɚɥɥɟɪɫɬɚɣɧ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɨɰɟɧɬɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ ɋɒȺ ɧɚɱɚɥɢ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɬɶ ɦɚɫɫɭ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ,
ɱɬɨɛɵ ɭɤɪɟɩɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ ɢ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɞɨɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɬ-
ɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɯ: «…ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɵ
ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɒɬɚɬɨɜ, ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɜɫɟ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɇɢɤɫɨɧɚ, ɫ
ɤɨɧɰɚ 60-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ, ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ Ʉɥɢɧɬɨɧɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ Ɋɟɣɝɚɧɚ, ɜɫɟ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɵ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɟɥɢ ɨɞɧɭ ɢ ɬɭ ɠɟ ɜɧɟɲɧɸɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ. Ɉɧɢ ɩɵɬɚɥɢɫɶ ɡɚɬɨɪ-
148
    ɋɦ.: Wallerstein I. The West Capitalism, and The Modern World-System / I. Wallerstein //
International Review. – 1992. – Vol. XV. – ʋ 4. – P. 561 – 619.
149
    ɋɦ.: From Good Times to Bad? Traectory of the World System. 1945–2025 / ed.
T.K. Hopkins, I. Wallerstein. – N.Y., 1996.
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