Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 103 стр.

ɦɨɡɢɬɶ ɭɩɚɞɨɤ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɝɟɝɟɦɨɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɦɟɪɚ:
ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɜɵ ɜ Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɨɣ ȿɜɪɨɩɟ, ɜ əɩɨɧɢɢ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɲɢɦɢ
ɫɚɬɟɥɥɢɬɚɦɢ, ɦɵ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵ. ɏɨɪɨɲɨ. ȼɵ ɜɵɪɨɫɥɢ, ɪɟɛɹɬɤɢ, ɜɵ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚɲɢ
ɩɚɪɬɧɟɪɵ. Ⱦɚɜɚɣɬɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ, ɦɵ ɜɚɦ ɞɚɞɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ,
ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɫ ɜɚɦɢ ɤɨɧɫɭɥɶɬɢɪɨɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɬɪɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɸɸ ɤɨɦɢɫ-
ɫɢɸ. Ɇɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɤɨɧɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɸ „ɛɨɥɶɲɨɣ ɫɟɦɟɪɤɢ”, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɚɲɢ ɥɢ-
ɞɟɪɵ ɫɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɵɫɤɚɡɚɬɶɫɹ ɩɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɸ ɤ ɬɨɦɭ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵ ɱɭɜ-
ɫɬɜɭɟɬɟ ɫɟɛɹ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɨɸɡɟ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ, ɭ ɜɚɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɤɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɨɛ-
ɳɟɦ ɫɨɸɡɟ…» 150 . ɇɨ ɜɫɟ ɷɬɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɹ
ɦɢɪɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɵ ɢ ɫ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ.
    ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɲɥɨ ɤɚɤ ɜɨɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨ-
ɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɭɩɟɪɞɟɪɠɚɜ. ȼ ɢɬɨɝɟ ɨɞɧɚ ɢɯ ɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɟɪɠɚɥɚ ɩɨɫɬɨ-
ɹɧɧɨ ɭɫɤɨɪɹɜɲɟɝɨɫɹ ɬɟɦɩɚ, ɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɭɠɟ ɜ 1980-ɟ ɝɨɞɵ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɛɥɨɤɟ
ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɥ ɨɫɬɪɟɣɲɢɣ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɤɪɢɡɢɫ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ 1990-ɯ ɝɨ-
ɞɨɜ ɩɟɪɟɪɨɫ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɪɚɫɩɚɞɭ ɋɋɋɊ ɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ-
ɫɤɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ. ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɪɚɯɚ ɛɢɩɨɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ȼɚɥɥɟɪɫɬɚɣɧ ɡɚɞɭ-
ɦɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤɢɦ ɛɵɥ ɛɵ ɦɢɪ, ɟɫɥɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɫɦɨɝ ɛɵ ɜɵɣɬɢ
ɢɡ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɢɡɢɫɚ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ, ɚ ɤɚɤ
ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɚɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ: «…ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɛɵɥ ɋɨɜɟɬ-
ɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ, ɩɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɛɵɥɨ. ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɛɵ ɜɵɥɨɦɚɥ ɪɭɤɢ
ɋɚɞɞɚɦɭ ɏɭɫɟɣɧɭ. ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɛɵ ɩɨɫɥɚɥ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɚ, ɤɨɝɨ ɭɝɨɞɧɨ ɢ
ɫɤɚɡɚɥ ɛɵ: ɫɥɭɲɚɣ, ɢɡ-ɡɚ ɬɟɛɹ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɫɫɨɪɢɬɶɫɹ ɫ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɚɦɢ. ɂɡ-ɡɚ ɂɪɚɤɚ ɦɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɛɢɪɚɟɦɫɹ ɪɢɫɤɨɜɚɬɶ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɣ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɣ
ɜɨɣɧɨɣ. ɇɨ ɜ 1990 ɝɨɞɭ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ ɭɠɟ ɧɟɬ. ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ
ɋɨɸɡ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɩɨɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɫ ɋɚɞɞɚɦɨɦ ɏɭɫɟɣɧɨɦ. ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɟɬ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɝɨ ɋɨɸɡɚ, ɋɚɞɚɦ ɏɭɫɟɣɧ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɣɬɢ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɭɸ
ɚɜɚɧɬɸɪɭ, ɤɚɤ ɜɬɨɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɜ Ʉɭɜɟɣɬ…» 151 . ȼ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɩɚɞ ɋɋɋɊ
ɨɤɚɡɚɥɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɦ ɞɥɹ ɋɒȺ, Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚ ɩɨɧɹɥɚ ɢ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ
ɦɢɪ ɫɬɚɥ ɧɟ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɵɦ, ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɚɦɟ-
ɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɥɥɟɤɬɭɚɥɵ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ȼɚɥɥɟɪɫɬɚɣɧ, ɧɨɫɬɚɥɶɝɢɪɭɸɬ ɨ
ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɨɦ ɋɨɸɡɟ.
    Ⱥɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɢɪ, ɂ. ȼɚɥɥɟɪɫɬɚɣɧ ɩɵɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ,
ɫ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, ɨɧ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ («…ɦɢɪ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɫɹ. ɋɨɟɞɢ-
ɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ ɫɢɥɶɧɵ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɟɠɞɟ. Ɂɚɩɚɞɧɚɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɚ ɢ əɩɨɧɢɹ
ɞɨɝɨɧɹɸɬ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɟ ɒɬɚɬɵ ɩɨ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ. ɂ ɨɧɢ ɨɬ-
ɯɨɞɹɬ ɨɬ ɧɢɯ ɜ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ. ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɋɨɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ
ɒɬɚɬɨɜ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɭɝɧɟɬɟɧɧɵɯ ɝɪɭɩɩ ɫɬɚɥɢ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ „ɷɬɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ” ɯɚɪɚɤ-
ɬɟɪ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɠɟ, ɱɟɦ


150
   ɋɦ.: Wallerstein I. After Liberalism / I. Wallerstein. – N.Y., 1995.
151
   ɋɦ.: Wallerstein I. The West Capitalism, and The Modern World-System / I. Wallerstein //
International Review. – 1992. – Vol. XV. – ʋ 4. – P. 561 – 619.
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