Формирование внешнеполитических доктрин США. Кирчанов М.В. - 125 стр.

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3.3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮɚ ɇɚɹ
Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɜ
ɩɪɟɫɫɟ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢ-
ɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ
166
. Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ – ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɨɥɨɝ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ-
ɫɬɜɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɟ ɧɟɨɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɦɚ. Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ (ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ 1937
ɝɨɞɭ) ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥ Ƚɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ. ȼ 1995 ɝɨɞɭ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɨ-
ɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɒɤɨɥɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉɟɧɧɟɞɢ (Kennedy
School of Government) ɩɪɢ Ƚɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ. ɇɚɣ – ɱɥɟɧ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɚ-
ɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ – Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ (American
Academy of Arts and Sciences), Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ Ɍɪɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (Trilateral Commission). ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɜɢɧɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟ-
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (International Institute for Strategic Studies).
Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɥ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɧɚ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ 1977–1979 ɝɝ. ɛɵɥ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɨɫɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɹ ɩɨ ɜɨ-
ɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ; ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɵɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɬɚ (1993–1994); ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ-
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (1994–1995). ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɣ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɹ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɨ-ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ-
ɦɢ
, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɡɢɢ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ, ɂɪɚɧɚ, ɂɪɚɤɚ, əɩɨ-
ɧɢɢ,), ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ.
Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɫɨ-
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɇɨ, ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɜɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɋɒȺ ɞɚɥɟɤɚ ɨɬ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ. ɇɚɣ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɋɒȺ ɧɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɥɢ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɥɚ ɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɜ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɟ.
166
Nay J. Pan Africanism and East African Integration / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1971; Nay J.
Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1971;
Nay J. Living with Nuclear Weapons. A Report by the Harvard Nuclear Study Group /
J. Nay. – NY., 1983; Nay J. Nuclear Ethics. – Harvard, 1986; Nay J. Bound to Lead: The
Changing Nature of American Power / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1990; Nay J. Understanding Inter-
national Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History / J. Nay. – NY., 2002; Nay J. The
Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone / J. Nay. –
Wash., 2002; Nay J. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics / J. Nay. – NY.,
2004.
125
3.3. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɯ
Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮɚ ɇɚɹ

    Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ, ɚɜɬɨɪ ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɦɨɧɨɝɪɚɮɢɣ ɢ ɫɬɚɬɟɣ ɜ
ɩɪɟɫɫɟ, ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ, ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɤ ɱɢɫɥɭ
ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɥɢɹɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɟ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɢ ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢ-
ɤɨɜ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ 166 . Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ – ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɢɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɨɥɨɝ ɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɛɨɥɶɲɢɧ-
ɫɬɜɨ ɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɬ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɜ ɞɭɯɟ ɧɟɨɥɢɛɟɪɚɥɢɡɦɚ. Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ (ɪɨɞɢɥɫɹ ɜ 1937
ɝɨɞɭ) ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɥ Ƚɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ. ȼ 1995 ɝɨɞɭ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɫɬɚɥ ɩɪɨ-
ɮɟɫɫɨɪɨɦ ɒɤɨɥɵ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ʉɟɧɧɟɞɢ (Kennedy
School of Government) ɩɪɢ Ƚɚɪɜɚɪɞɫɤɨɦ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɟ. ɇɚɣ – ɱɥɟɧ ɪɹɞɚ ɧɚ-
ɭɱɧɵɯ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜ – Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜ ɢ ɧɚɭɤ (American
Academy of Arts and Sciences), Ⱥɤɚɞɟɦɢɢ ɞɢɩɥɨɦɚɬɢɢ, ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɚ Ɍɪɟɯɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɣ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ (Trilateral Commission). ȼ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɨ-
ɜɢɧɟ 1990-ɯ ɝɨɞɨɜ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɜɨɡɝɥɚɜɥɹɥ Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɣ ɢɧɫɬɢɬɭɬ ɫɬɪɚɬɟ-
ɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɣ (International Institute for Strategic Studies).
    Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɣ ɫɨɱɟɬɚɥ ɧɚɭɱɧɭɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɫ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ: ɧɚ-
ɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɜ 1977–1979 ɝɝ. ɛɵɥ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɨɦ ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɹ ɝɨɫɫɟɤɪɟɬɚɪɹ ɩɨ ɜɨ-
ɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ, ɧɚɭɤɢ ɢ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ, ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ
ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɬɚ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟ-
ɧɢɹ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ; ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɟɦ ɇɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɟɞɵɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ
ɫɨɜɟɬɚ (1993–1994); ɡɚɦɟɫɬɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚ ɨɛɨɪɨɧɵ ɩɨ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɦɟɠɞɭ-
ɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ (1994–1995). ȼ ɰɟɧɬɪɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɧɚɭɱɧɵɯ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨ-
ɜɚɧɢɣ Ⱦɠ. ɇɚɹ – ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ, ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɯ ɫ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɣ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ, ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɨ-ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɢɦɢ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ-
ɦɢ, ɝɥɨɛɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɟɣ, ɜɨɨɪɭɠɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɨɪɭɠɢɹ,
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ ɋɒȺ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ Ⱥɡɢɢ (ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ Ʉɢɬɚɹ, ɂɪɚɧɚ, ɂɪɚɤɚ, əɩɨ-
ɧɢɢ,), ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɜɧɟɲɧɟɣ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɟɣ
ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɨɣ.
    Ⱦɠɨɡɷɮ ɇɚɣ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɜ ɋɒȺ ɨɞɧɨ ɢɡ ɜɚɠɧɟɣɲɢɯ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜ-ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ ɫɨ-
ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɦɢɪɚ. ɇɨ, ɩɨ ɟɝɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ, ɜɧɟɲɧɹɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɋɒȺ ɞɚɥɟɤɚ ɨɬ
ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɢ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɯ. ɇɚɣ ɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɋɒȺ ɧɟ ɭɫɜɨɢɥɢ ɭɪɨɤɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɥɚ ɢɦ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ Ⱥɦɟɪɢɤɢ ɜ ɏɏ ɜɟɤɟ.

166
    Nay J. Pan Africanism and East African Integration / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1971; Nay J.
Peace in Parts: Integration and Conflict in Regional Organization / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1971;
Nay J. Living with Nuclear Weapons. A Report by the Harvard Nuclear Study Group /
J. Nay. – NY., 1983; Nay J. Nuclear Ethics. – Harvard, 1986; Nay J. Bound to Lead: The
Changing Nature of American Power / J. Nay. – Harvard, 1990; Nay J. Understanding Inter-
national Conflicts: An Introduction to Theory and History / J. Nay. – NY., 2002; Nay J. The
Paradox of American Power: Why the World's Only Superpower Can't Go It Alone / J. Nay. –
Wash., 2002; Nay J. Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics / J. Nay. – NY.,
2004.
                                             125

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