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9) crust [ ] – корка (хлеба), земная кора, наст, твердый поверхностный слой
10) scrap [ ] – клочок, металлический лом, (pl.) остатки, отбросы, (разг.) ссора
11) toss [ ] – бросать, бросать из стороны в сторону, метаться во сне, бросать жребий
12) deal [ ] – раздавать, торговать, иметь дело, сдавать (карты)
13) solid [ ] – прочный, твердый, цельный, сплошной, чистый, веский, пространственный
14) waste [ ] – растрачивание, (pl.) отходы, пустыня
(Narrator) Questions below refer to the following talk about recycling.
(Man) Iron and aluminum represent ninety-four percent of all metal use. Recycling items that contain these
metals extends the supply of mineral resources because it reduces the use of virgin materials mined from the
earth's crust. Using recycled iron, or scrap iron as it is also called, not only conserves iron ore and coal, but it
also requires sixty-five percent less energy and forty-two percent less water to process. In addition, recycling
produces eighty-five percent less air pollution. It is somewhat surprising that only about one fourth of all iron
and aluminum used in the world today comes from recycling efforts. For example, beverage cans are one of
the largest sources of recycled aluminum, but almost half of all cans produced each year are thrown away.
There are several factors that negatively affect metal recycling in the U.S. The fact that the U.S. metal indus-
try has not modified its equipment to process recycled metals is one of them. Another is that most Americans
have a "throwaway" mentality; they have been conditioned to throw things away.
Manufacturers promote this lifestyle through advertising because it increases short-term consumption, but
they neglect to take into account the long-term environmental costs. Consumers pay for these costs in the
form of taxes and have no easily identifiable reason to recycle. American consumers often think that return-
ing beverage cans is too much trouble. They would rather toss them away and have someone else deal with
them. Merchants don't like having returned metal cans in their stores. Labor unions worry that workers in the
can manufacturing industry will lose their jobs. A national law requiring the return of beverage cans would
reduce the processing of virgin aluminum ore by fifty-five to seventy-five percent. Urban solid waste would
also fall by one percent and save taxpayers twenty-five to fifty million dollars a year.
(Narrator)
Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
43. Why is the recycling of metals desirable?
44. What is the proportion of iron and aluminum that comes from
recycling?
45. According to the speaker, why do American consumers often fail
to recycle?
46.What does the speaker say about merchants' attitudes toward
recycling beverage containers?
Exercise 2. Translate from Russian into English.
1 Переработка утильсырья позволяет сохранять природные запасы ископаемых.
2 На земле остается все меньше невозделанных человеком территорий.
3 Стоимость переработки банок из-под напитков стоит меньше, чем добыча руды; и это было бы
выгоднее и для людей, и для природы.
4 Однако, краткосрочное потребление товаров, распространенное в нашем обществе, приводит к
растрачиванию природных запасов и большей трате денег со стороны.
5 Часто люди не хотят себя обременять и предпочитают не иметь дела с теми же банками, а просто
их выкидывают.
6 Прочный слой снега зимой позволяет сохранить растения и их корни от морозов.
(Narrator) Questions below refer to the following talk about roses.
