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were no longer needed, he turned to piracy and terrorized the Virginia and Carolina coasts. In 1713, Teach
lost a marine battle between his ships and the Virginian fleet and was never heard from again.
Piracy vanished gradually with the onset of steam-powered seaboats that were too fast and too well equipped
for a pirate frigate to overtake. The last strongholds of piracy were Pacific islands and coastal havens where
boats with long galleys rowed by slaves engaged in plundering villages and capturing prisoners. British and
Dutch navy patrols finally did away with these enclaves in 1863. However, till this day, piracy can be a prof-
itable endeavor in remote parts of the world.
Text 2 Read, translate and retell.
Anteaters are so named because they eat white termites. Few people realize that anteaters have no teeth.
Their jawbones protrude and are almost entirely covered with skin, making their oral cavities very small. An
anteater's tongue, covered with adhesive saliva to hold termites on touch, can be extended a long way beyond
its mouth. Then the animal draws it back and swallows. Although some termites build sizable mud nests, the
anteater's powerful front paws have lengthy claws that can tear open the termites' nests, either on the ground
or in trees.
The claws on anteaters' front legs are so long that the animals walk on the outer edges of their feet rather than
on the soles. The longest claw folds back into a skin pouch in the sole of the foot. The solitary Tamandua
anteater utilizes its prehensile tail as an arm to grasp a tree branch and lift itself as high as the tree crown.
This physical characteristic enables the Tamandua anteater to live and hunt in trees. The silky anteater can
also live in trees and sleeps curled up on a branch, to which it anchors itself by its tail and hind feet. Al-
though the animals rarely attack, when disturbed they rear up on their hind legs and draw their forefeet
alongside their head to strike an enemy with their claws or to squeeze it in their forearms. With only one off-
spring at a time, these mammals are extremely protective of their young, which ride on their mothers' backs.
Little is known about anteaters' habitats and social organization.
Text 3 Read, translate and retell.
When jazz began to lose its reputation as "low-down" music and to gain well-deserved acclaim among intel-
lectuals, musicians began to feature many instruments previously considered inappropriate for jazz. Whereas
before the 1950s, jazz musicians played only eight basic instruments in strict tempo, in this decade they
started to improvise on the flute, electric organ, piccolo, accordion, cello, and even bagpipes, with the
rhythm section composed for strings or piano. Big bands no longer dominated jazz, and most changes
emerged from small combos, such as the Dave Brubeck Quartet and the Gerry Mulligan Quartet. The Gerry
Mulligan Quartet proved that a small, modern band could sound complete without a piano; the rhythm sec-
tion consisted only of a set of drums and a string bass.
Jazz continued to move in new directions during the 1960s. Saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman led
a quartet playing "free" jazz that was atonal. Pianist Cecil Taylor also conducted similar experiments with
music, and John Coltrane included melodies from India in his compositions. In the 1970s musicians blended
jazz and rock music into fusion jazz which combined the melodies and the improvisations of jazz with the
rhythmic qualities of rock 'n' roll, with three or five beats to the bar and in other meters. The form of jazz
music was greatly affected by electric instruments and electronic implements to intensify, distort, or amplify
their sounds. However, the younger musicians of the time felt compelled to include a steady, swinging
rhythm which they saw as a permanent and essential element in great jazz.
Text 4 Read, translate and retell.
Collecting maps can be an enjoyable hobby for antiquarian booksellers, a captivating interest for cartographers,
a lucrative vocation for astute dealers, and an inspirational part of the occupational functioning of map cata-
logers, archivists, and historians. Among recognized collectibles, maps are relatively rarer than stamps, but
they have had their avid enthusiasts and admirers ever since copies were made by hand only for the affluent, the
commanding officer, and the ship captain.
Whether the interest is business-related or amateur, the economic means abundant or slim, a collection needs
a theme, be it associated with contemporary changes in cartographic representation or geographic knowl-
edge, or a more accessible goal centered on a particular mapmaker, technique, or type of subject matter. Col-
lectors should not overlook topical maps issued predominantly or exclusively after World War II, such as
navigational charts, industrial compound road layouts, or aerial projections. Potential collectors ought not to
disregard two superficially prosaic, yet important themes: maps of travel routes for family trips, and maps
that, for aesthetic reasons, they personally find intriguing or simply attractive. In the first case, like the box
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