Пища для ума - Food for thought. Коломейцева Е.М - 22 стр.

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GM crops had a significant negative impact on wildlife. Others pointed out that the studies showed that using herbicide resistant
GM crops allowed better weed control and that under such conditions there were fewer weeds and fewer weed seeds. This result was
then extrapolated to suggest that
GM crops would have significant impact on the wildlife that might rely on farm weeds. In July 2005 the same British scientists
showed that transfer of a herbicide-resistance gene from GM oilseed rape to a wild cousin, charlock, and wild turnips was possible.
Many agricultural scientists and food policy specialists view GM crops as an important element in sustainable food security and
environmental management. This point of view is summarized in the ABIC Manifesto: ___________________ .
On our planet, 18 % of the land mass is used for agricultural production. This fraction cannot be increased substantially. It is
absolutely essential that the yield per unit of land increases beyond current levels given that: The human population is still growing,
and will reach about nine billion by 2040; 70,000 km² of agricultural land (equivalent to 60 % of the German agricultural area) are
lost annually to growth of cities and other non-agricultural uses; Consumer diets in developing countries are increasingly changing
from plant-based proteins to animal protein, a trend that requires a greater amount of crop-based feeds. More skeptical scientists as
Dr. Charles Benbrook point out that improvement of global food security is hardly being addressed by genetic research and that a lack
of yield is often not caused by insufficient genetic resources. Regarding the issues of intellectual property and patent law, an
international report from the year 2000 states: __________ .
If the rights to these tools are strongly and universally enforced – and not extensively licensed or provided pro bono in the
developing world – then the potential applications of GM technologies described previously are unlikely to benefit the less developed
nations of the world for a long time (i.e. until after the restrictions conveyed by these rights have expired).
U n i t F i v e
CHOCOLATE PRODUCTION
This unit aims to present and practise English as it is used both in the explanation of modern everyday machines and the
processes they carry out. It also covers describing the operations needed to get machines to work ad to show others how to
undertake certain business operations.
T a s k O n e. Read the article from the magazine "The Economist", August 2
nd
, 1997.
E x e r c i s e O n e
. Choose the best phrase from the given below to fill each of the gaps.
A. A second link with the Chelsea garden;
B. Today, when almost every pleasure;
C. Casanova was said to find chocolate;
D. To understand why an exhibition;
E. When the brown chocolate bean;
F. Like other mysteriously alluring substances;
G. In 1687 young Sloane.
History of chocolate
Healthy calories
1. _____ on the history of chocolate is being held in the unlikely venue of the Chelsea Physic Garden in London, you
need to bear in mind the 17
th
century approach to medicine. It was almost the reverse of current practice. Today vast sums
are poured into formulating treatments for old and new diseases. Three hundred years ago, as European explorers came back
from distant lands bearing fragrant and exotic substances; the aim of medical entrepreneurs was to identify ailments for
which these strange imports could plausibly be touted as a cure.
2. _____ was introduced into Britain from Mexico and the American colonies it was at first made into a drink, with
supposed – if ill-defined –medicinal qualities. The self-indulgent chocolate bar came later; the after-dinner mint later still.
3. _____ is that Sir Hans Sloane, its chief early benefactor, was a pioneer chocolate fancier, credited with dreaming up
the idea of mixing the powdered bean with milk. Sloane was a towering figure in Georgian London, a driving force behind
the establishment of the British Museum as well as a landowner whose name lives on in some of the capital's most fashionable streets
and squares. Less appreciated is his contribution to the development of a national addiction: the average Briton chomps through 8 kg
(nearly 18lb) of chocolate a year, consumption exceeded only by the Swiss.
4. _____ sailed to Jamaica to become physician to the colonial governor, and noticed that the local women
administered chocolate to their sick children. Returning to London two years later, he experimented with his milk recipe and,
having perfected it, sold it to a Soho grocer, whose successors sold it on to Cadbury's.
5. _____, chocolate has from time to time been regarded as an aphrodisiac. Montezuma, the early 16
th
century Aztec
ruler, was reputed to consume up to 50 cups a day before repairing to his harem. His conqueror, Hernando Cortes, asserted in
1528 that a single cup enabled a warrior to go all day without food.
6. _____ more effective for his purposes than champagne; and cheaper to boot. Brillat-Savarin, a 19
th
century gourmet,
also recommended it as a stimulant. In Britain, though, it is often taken as a soothing bedtime drink, an aid to slumber rather
than seduction – suggesting that its effects may be as much imagined as real. A prolific 17
th
century letter-writer, Madame
de Sévigné, complained that it once provoked a 16-hour attack of colic and constipation, but she learned to love it in the end.
7. _____ is identified as addictive, a name has been coined for those unfortunates who cannot get enough of the stuff:
chocoholics. One victim of the condition may have been Katharine Hepburn, who boasted of eating a pound of chocolates a

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