Пища для ума. Коломейцева Е.М - 47 стр.

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47
sound competition. Yet another obvious challenge is low protein content in the
milk; every dairy has had to deal with it one way or another. Low protein con-
tent makes it difficult to product certain kinds of dairy products, such as curds,
cheese, yogurt, and some others.
9. … are usually dependent on their local milk suppliers. There is a limit
(currently, 600 km) to how far milk can be shipped. Analysts note that competi-
tion is quite high among processors over quality milk sources. As a conse-
quence, many dairies have to set up and maintain their own sources of raw ma-
terials. The top raw milk producing region in Russia is Bashkiria, followed by
Tatarstan. The Moscow Region is fifth.
10. … of dairy farms in Russia: major producers, most of them privatized
former collective farms; new private farms; and farming households. Former
collective farms produced 47.2% of Russia’s milk in 2002. Another 50.9% was
produced by farming households to meet their own needs; and only 1.9% of
milk was produced by new private farms specifically for sale.
11. … is produced by rural households, but its marketability is extremely
poor. Therefore, the principal suppliers of milk to dairies are major producers,
i.e. former collective farms. The study has revealed that every dairy makes an
effort to assist its milk supplier one way or another. Assistance may range from
optimized purchase prices to feed subsidies to direct investment. This is the
case with both domestic and international market players.
12. … confronted the emerging market in an artificially divided state: one
part of it was, and still is responsible for milk production; the other, for
processing. Whereas before, the producer-processor-retailer chain was regu-
lated by the state, the presence of the latter has receded markedly in the indus-
try. The producer has been left to grapple with his problems on his own, and
some of those problems remain unsolved. In today’s market environment, re-
tailers make the highest profit on milk; farmers, the lowest. Without external
financial backing, dairy farmers can, at best, hope to survive, but business de-
velopment is out of the question.
13. … to launch a large-scale, comprehensive support program for milk
farmers was the Wimm-Bill-Dann group. Since it came up with its Milk River initi-
ative in 1999, the company has been refitting dairy farms with modern equipment
under long-term leases, introducing progressive methods of milk harvesting, storage
and transportation, supplying concentrated feeds and advanced feed harvesting
combines, helping farmers purchase pedigree animals, and lending to finance
farming projects. According to analysts, the company has invested about US
$20 million in farms around the Moscow Region. Holland’s Campina, whose
Stupino factory started operation in 2000, runs a financing and modernization
program for its partner farms supplying the bulk of its raw materials. Specifically,
Campina leases equipment for its partners and provides consulting services on a
wide range of agricultural issues. Danone, which came to Russia in 1992, has
invested US $4 in local dairy farming. Danone assists its partner farms with
feed stocking.

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