Пища для ума. Коломейцева Е.М - 75 стр.

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75
high throughput to utilise capital plant efficiently and to minimise long-run
marginal cost. There is some evidence that over time the large co-operatively
owned meat companies have out-performed investor-owned, publicly-listed
businesses; however it should be noted that Affco was formerly a struggling co-
operative business before it became a publicly-listed company. Co-operatively
owned meat companies can take a longer-term view and their farmer share-
holders may be prepared to accept lower dividends in return for higher stock
prices. However, it should be noted that small meat processing companies,
some of them growing significantly, are often investor-owned firms and such
firms are often well suited to niche market development.
T a s k F o u r . Use the verbs in the brackets in the present perfect
active or passive tense form.
The dynamics of the meat industry flow from changes in the business en-
vironment and in market structure, the effects of the quota allocation system,
and from productivity improvements and innovation.
The current profitability of the meat industry owes much to the economic
reforms of the mid 1980s. These reforms removed market-distorting price sup-
ports, subsidies and other interventions and made farmers and exporters focus
on markets, customers and what they were signalling. Meat exporters (im-
prove) their returns from international markets through increased utilisation
and further processing of carcasses into added value cuts and through an in-
crease in the proportion of chilled exports rather than frozen. New Zealand also
(diversify) the number of export markets for New Zealand lamb.
New Zealand preparation, packaging and processing innovations (help)
sales, including rapid cook cuts from frozen product, marinated product and the
use of sheep meat in ethnic cooking. New Zealand has world class processing
facilities, ongoing product innovation and processing efficiencies and high food
handling and safety standards.
Meat companies stipulate and monitor farm quality control measures to
ensure that the needs of markets and customers are met. New markets (deve-
lop), such as for halal meat in the Middle East. Farmers (become) much more
market-oriented and (adapt) their production systems accordingly, for example
to produce lean lamb for processing into chilled lamb and other added value
markets. Lamb market clubs (develop) to assist in the sharing of information
between farmers supplying particular supermarkets such as Tesco and Wai-
trose. On-farm quality assurance systems are set in close consultation with off-
shore retailers.
T a s k F i v e . Read the article and answer the questions:
1. What is the name of a smaller enterprise within the meat processing in-
dustry in New Zealand?
2. When and why was it established?
3. How many suppliers does it have now?

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