Использование различных референц-эллипсоидов в судовождении. Комаровский Ю.А. - 112 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb
&R
S\
UL
J
KW><=F: DhfZ
j
h\kdbcX:





98 899 8
8 9 89 8 9 89 9
8 9 89 89 9 89
89 8
M
aa
%







     
    
    
 


89 89 9
89 8 9



  
 
]^_   
 
GM 
8N 9N N
Dhgljhevgucijbf_j
1$' IhijZ\db :*6
I s1 'I s I s1
O s: 'O s O s:
Kihkh[Fheh^_gkdh]h:dZ^_fbdFKFheh^_gkdbcjZajZ[hlZe b him[
ebdh\Ze\]h^mkjZ\g bl_evghijhklhcb\ukhdhlhqguc kihkh[ ij_h[jZ
ah\Zgby dhhj^ bgZl < _]h ihklZgh \d_ aZ^ZqZ nhjfmebjm_ lky ke_^mxsbf h[
jZahf >@ AZ^Zgu ^\_ ]_h^_abq_kdb_ kbkl_fu =K
b =K
 \ hkgh\_ dhlhjuo
e_`Zl ^\Z j_n _j_gp weebikhb^Z k iZjZee_evguf b hkyfb k [hevrbfb ihem
hkyfb
D
b
D
fZeufbihemhkyfb
E
b
E
k`ZlbyfbD
bD
bwdkp_gljbkbl_
lZfb
H
b
H

K i_j\uf
weebikhb^hf k\yaZgZ ^_dZjlh\Z kbkl_fZ dhhj^bgZl
[\]
gZqZehdhlhjhckh\iZ^Z_lk_]hp_gljhfhkv
]
khkvx_]h\jZs_gby
l_ kfZehcihemhk vx  < wlhc kbkl_f_ dhhj^ bgZlu p_gl jZ \lhjh]h weebi
khb^Z hlebqZxlky gZ \_ebqbgu 'O'
<
'
=
gZau\Z_fu_ ebg_cgufb we_f_g
lZfb\aZbfgh]hhjb_glbjh \Zgby >ZgZlhqdZ k]_h^_abq_kdbfbdhhj^bgZlZfb
hlghkbl_evghi_j\h]hj_n _j_gpweebikhb^ Z
%

/

+
G_h[oh^bfhgZclbdh
hj^bgZlu
%

/

+
wlhc `_ lhqdb hlghkb l_evgh \lhjh]h
j_n_j_gpweebi
khb^ZKihkh[ Fheh^_gkdh]hkhklhbl\\uqbke_gbbihijZ\hd'
%
'
/
'
+
dh
lhju_ke_^m_lZe]_[jZbq_kdbkeh`blvkdhhj^bgZlZfb
%

/

+
qlh[uihem
qblvbkdhf u_ dhhj^bgZlu
%

/

+
Lh_klv


% % %
%% %// /+ + +
Kljh]h_j_r _gb_wlhcaZ^ Zqb\u]ey^blke_^mxsbfh[ jZahf >@

VLQ FRV VLQ VLQ FRV
VLQFRV VLQFRV
VLQ FRV VHF

FRV FRV FRV VLQ VLQ
1
%;%/<%/=%
0+
DD D E
1H % % 0 % %
DED
/;/</%
0+
DD D
+;%/<%/=%
1
BB
B
¡
% % % %
¡
¢
¬¯

°
®
°
±
% % %
%% % %



 





VLQ
E
1%
D
B
¬
®

Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb                            

%M aa           9    8     89     9    8  
       8 9   89    8 9          89    9 
         8 9      89     89     9    89  
       8 9        8      8 9   89    9  
       89     8 9  

]^_8  N G  ƒ  9  N M           ƒ  N  
      Dhgljhevgucijbf_j
              1$'                  IhijZ\db                  :*6
      I ƒ s1             'I s        I ƒ s1
      O   ƒ s: 'O s               O   ƒ s:
      Kihkh[Fheh^_gkdh]h:dZ^_fbdFKFheh^_gkdbc jZajZ[hlZe b him[
ebdh\Ze\]h^mkjZ\gbl_evghijhklhcb\ukhdhlhqguc kihkh[ ij_h[jZ
ah\Zgby dhhj^bgZl < _]h ihklZgh\d_ aZ^ZqZ nhjfmebjm_lky ke_^mxsbf h[
jZahf >@ AZ^Zgu ^\_ ]_h^_abq_kdb_ kbkl_fu =K b =K \ hkgh\_ dhlhjuo
e_`Zl ^\Z j_n_j_gpweebikhb^Z k iZjZee_evgufb hkyfb k [hevrbfb ihem
hkyfbDbDfZeufbihemhkyfbEbEk`ZlbyfbDbDbwdkp_gljbkbl_
lZfb H b H  K i_j\uf weebikhb^hf k\yaZgZ ^_dZjlh\Z kbkl_fZ dhhj^bgZl
[\]gZqZehdhlhjhckh\iZ^Z_lk_]hp_gljhfhkv]khkvx_]h\jZs_gby
 l _ kfZehc ihemhkvx  < wlhc kbkl_f_ dhhj^bgZlu p_gljZ \lhjh]h weebi
khb^Z hlebqZxlky gZ \_ebqbgu 'O '< '= gZau\Z_fu_ ebg_cgufb we_f_g
lZfb\aZbfgh]hhjb_glbjh\Zgby>ZgZlhqdZk]_h^_abq_kdbfbdhhj^bgZlZfb
hlghkbl_evghi_j\h]hj_n_j_gpweebikhb^Z%/+G_h[oh^bfhgZclbdh
hj^bgZlu % / + wlhc `_ lhqdb hlghkbl_evgh \lhjh]h j_n_j_gpweebi
khb^ZKihkh[Fheh^_gkdh]hkhklhbl\\uqbke_gbbihijZ\hd'%'/'+dh
lhju_ke_^m_lZe]_[jZbq_kdbkeh`blvkdhhj^bgZlZfb%/+qlh[uihem
qblvbkdhfu_dhhj^bgZlu%/+Lh_klv
                    %  % %%  /  / %/ +   + %+ 
      Kljh]h_j_r_gb_wlhcaZ^Zqb\u]ey^blke_^mxsbfh[jZahf>@
                    
       %%                ¡ %; VLQ % FRV /  %< VLQ % VLQ / %= FRV %
              0  +  ¢¡
               D  D                                     D      E ¬              ¯
                        1H VLQ % FRV %   B  B žž 0   1  ­­VLQ % FRV % ° 
                   D                                  Ÿ    E     D ®             °±
                    
       %/                  %; VLQ / %< FRV / VHF %
              0  +
                                                                   D D  D
      %+  %; FRV % FRV / %< FRV % VLQ / %= VLQ %   
                                                                        1
                          E ¬
               B  B žž  ­­ 1 VLQ  % 
                          Ÿ D ®


&RS\ULJKW‹><=F:                                      DhfZjh\kdbcX: