Использование различных референц-эллипсоидов в судовождении. Комаровский Ю.А. - 118 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb
&R
S\
UL
J
KW><=F: DhfZ
j
h\kdbcX:

'I
f
kh
V
I
>ey
ijb[eb`_gguo
jZkq_lh\
fh`gh
ijbf_gylv
ke_^ mxsb_
nhj
fmeu
'I
f
'Is 'O
f
'OsF
h
V
I
Ijbf_j
Imklv
gZ
dZjl_

khklZ\e_gghc
gZ
hkgh\_
]_h^_abq_kdhc
kbkl_fu
1$'
bf__lky
lhqdZ
kh
ke_^mxsbfb
dhhj^bgZlZfb
I

 1O

:
K 
f

G_h[oh^bfh
hij_^_eblv
dhhj^ bgZl u
wlhc
`_
lhqdb
\
]_h^_abq_
kdhc
kbkl_f_
:*6
Ih
^Zgguf
Ijbeh`_gby

jZkkqblZggu_
ihijZ \db
ijbf ml
ke_^mxsb_
agZq_gby
'Is s'Os s'K 
f

Lh]^Z
bkdhfu_
dhhj^bgZl u
[m^ml
jZ \gu
I

 s s1
O

 s s:
K

 
f
Mk_q_gguckihkh[Fheh^_gkdh]h
<
hl_q_kl\_gghc
ijZdlbd_
ij_h[jZah
\Zgby
dhhj^bgZl
ihe mqbeb
jZa\blb_
lZd
gZau\Z_fu_
mk_q_ggu_
nhjfmeu
ZdZ^_fbdZ
Fheh^_gkdh]h

dhlhju_
y\eyxlky
mijhs _ggufb
nhjf meZfb
kljh
]h]h
j_r_gby

baeh`_ggh]h
\
ij_^u^ms_f
iZjZ]jZn_

Mk_q_gguc
kihkh[
Fh
eh^_gkdh]h

g_khfg_ggh

ijhs_
k
lhqdb
aj_gby
\uqbkebl_e vguo
ijhp_^ mj

gh
mk lmiZ_l
\
lhqghklb
kljh]hfm
j_r_gbx

Ihwlhfm
_]h
fh`gh
kf_eh
ijbf_gylv
ijb
ieZ\Zgbb
\
hldjulhf
fhj_
b
k
hklhjh`ghklvx
ijb
ieZ\Zgbb
\[ebab
[_j_
]h\
gZ
[hevrb o
m^Ze_gbyo
hl
Zgl_gg
hihjguo
ijb_fgbdh\
klZgpbc
^bnn_
j_gpbZevguo
*36
Nhjfmeu
mk_q_ggh]h
kihkh[Z
Fheh^_gkdh]h
\u]ey^yl
lZ
dbf
h[jZahf
<
>
VLQ FRV VLQ VLQ FRV
VLQVLQ
VLQ FRVVHF
FRV FRV FRV VLQ VLQ
VLQ






BB B
BB B
% % % %
 
% % %
%% % %

%;%/<%/=%
0
D%DD %
/;/</%
D
+;%/<%/=%
D%DD
H[hagZq_gby
\
ijb\_^_gguo
nhjfmeZo
iheghklvx
khhl\_lkl\mxl
h[hagZ
q_gbyf
kljh]bo
nhjfme
Fheh^_gkdh]h

baeh`_gguo
\
ij_^u^ms_f
iZjZ]jZn_
:gZeba
ijb\_^_gguo
nhjfme
]h\hjbl
h
lhf

qlh
\
jZkq_lZo
ihijZ\hd
d
rbjhl_
b
d
^he]hl_
]_h^_abq_kdZy
\ukhlZ
mqZklby
m`_
g_
ijbgbfZ_l

Ihwlhfm
k
h^ghc
klhjhgu

wlb
nhjfmeu
m^h[gu
l_f

qlh
^ey
ijZdlbq_kdbo
jZkq_lh\
\iheg_
fh`gh
h]jZgbqblvky
i_j\ufb
^\mfy
ihijZ\dZfb

K
^jm]hc
klhjhgu
hlkmlkl\b_
]_h^_abq_kdhc
\ukhlu
\
jZkq_lZo
'<
b
'/
]h\hjbl
h
aZ]jm[e_gbb
lhqgh klb
\uqbke_gbc

LZdbf
h[jZahf

mk_q_ggu_
nhjfmeu
Fheh^_gkdh]h
ijbf_gbfu
ijb
ieZ\Zgbb
\
ahgZo
^_ckl\by
^bnn_j_gpbZevguo
*36
lhevdh
ijb
[hevrhf
m^Ze_gbb
hl
hihjghc
klZgpbb

Ijb
bkihevah\Zgbb
mk_q_ggh]h
kihkh[Z
Fheh^_gkdh]h
ke_^m_l
ijbf_gylv
lZdb_
`_
jZkkm`^_gby

qlh
b
^ey
kljh]h]h
kihkh[Z
Fheh^_gkdh]h

baeh`_ggh]h
\
ij_^u^ms_f
iZjZ]jZn_
Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb                  

 'If khV I>ey ijb[eb`_gguo jZkq_lh\ fh`gh ijbf_gylv ke_^mxsb_ nhj
fmeu
                      'If 'Is 'Of 'OsFhVI
    Ijbf_j Imklv gZ dZjl_ khklZ\e_gghc gZ hkgh\_ ]_h^_abq_kdhc kbkl_fu
1$'bf__lkylhqdZkhke_^mxsbfbdhhj^bgZlZfbI ƒ1O ƒ:
K   f G_h[oh^bfh hij_^_eblv dhhj^bgZlu wlhc `_ lhqdb \ ]_h^_abq_
kdhc kbkl_f_ :*6  Ih ^Zgguf Ijbeh`_gby  jZkkqblZggu_ ihijZ\db
ijbfmlke_^mxsb_agZq_gby'Is s'Os s'K fLh]^Z
bkdhfu_dhhj^bgZlu[m^mljZ\gu
     I ƒ s  ƒ s1
     O ƒ s  ƒ s:
     K    f

     Mk_q_gguckihkh[Fheh^_gkdh]h< hl_q_kl\_gghc ijZdlbd_ ij_h[jZah
\Zgby dhhj^bgZl ihemqbeb jZa\blb_ lZd gZau\Z_fu_ mk_q_ggu_ nhjfmeu
ZdZ^_fbdZFheh^_gkdh]hdhlhju_y\eyxlkymijhs_ggufbnhjfmeZfbkljh
]h]hj_r_gbybaeh`_ggh]h\ij_^u^ms_fiZjZ]jZn_Mk_q_gguckihkh[Fh
eh^_gkdh]hg_khfg_gghijhs_klhqdbaj_gby\uqbkebl_evguoijhp_^mjgh
mklmiZ_l\lhqghklbkljh]hfmj_r_gbxIhwlhfm_]hfh`ghkf_ehijbf_gylv
ijbieZ\Zgbb\hldjulhffhj_bkhklhjh`ghklvxijbieZ\Zgbb\[ebab[_j_
]h\ gZ [hevrbo m^Ze_gbyo hl Zgl_gg hihjguo ijb_fgbdh\ klZgpbc ^bnn_
j_gpbZevguo*36Nhjfmeumk_q_ggh]hkihkh[ZFheh^_gkdh]h\u]ey^yllZ
dbfh[jZahf
                   
            %%      < %; VLQ % FRV /  %< VLQ % VLQ / %= FRV %
                 0
                   B  B D VLQ  %   D  D B VLQ  % >
               
           %/    %; VLQ / %< FRV / VHF %
               D
          %+  %; FRV % FRV / %< FRV % VLQ /      %= VLQ %
                  B  B D VLQ  %  D  D B
     H[hagZq_gby \ ijb\_^_gguo nhjfmeZo iheghklvx khhl\_lkl\mxl h[hagZ
q_gbyfkljh]bonhjfmeFheh^_gkdh]hbaeh`_gguo\ij_^u^ms_fiZjZ]jZn_
     :gZeba ijb\_^_gguo nhjfme ]h\hjbl h lhf qlh \ jZkq_lZo ihijZ\hd d
rbjhl_bd^he]hl_]_h^_abq_kdZy\ukhlZmqZklbym`_g_ijbgbfZ_lIhwlhfm
k h^ghc klhjhgu wlb nhjfmeu m^h[gu l_f qlh ^ey ijZdlbq_kdbo jZkq_lh\
\iheg_ fh`gh h]jZgbqblvky i_j\ufb ^\mfy ihijZ\dZfb K ^jm]hc klhjhgu
hlkmlkl\b_ ]_h^_abq_kdhc \ukhlu \ jZkq_lZo '< b '/ ]h\hjbl h aZ]jm[e_gbb
lhqghklb \uqbke_gbc LZdbf h[jZahf mk_q_ggu_ nhjfmeu Fheh^_gkdh]h
ijbf_gbfu ijb ieZ\Zgbb \ ahgZo ^_ckl\by ^bnn_j_gpbZevguo *36 lhevdh
ijb [hevrhf m^Ze_gbb hl hihjghc klZgpbb Ijb bkihevah\Zgbb mk_q_ggh]h
kihkh[Z Fheh^_gkdh]h ke_^m_l ijbf_gylv lZdb_ `_ jZkkm`^_gby qlh b ^ey
kljh]h]hkihkh[ZFheh^_gkdh]hbaeh`_ggh]h\ij_^u^ms_fiZjZ]jZn_

&RS\ULJKW‹><=F:                              DhfZjh\kdbcX: