Использование различных референц-эллипсоидов в судовождении. Комаровский Ю.А. - 26 стр.

UptoLike

Составители: 

Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb
&R
S\
UL
J
KW><=F: DhfZ
j
h\kdbcX:

ebk\ukhdhclhqghklvxbaf_jblvbhibkZlv__j_Zevgmxih\_joghklv<kh\h
dmighklbkrbjhdhf ZkrlZ[gufb]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdbfbgZ[ex^_gbyfbjZ^bheh
dZpbhggu_ bkke_^ h\Zgby ba dhkfhkZ iha\hebeb kms_kl\_ggh mlhqgblv iZjZ
f_lju]_hb^ZbjZajZ[hlZlv[he__lhqgmxfZl_fZlbq_kdmxfh^_ev]_hb^Z;_a
ih^h[guo^hjh]hklhysbo jZ[hl g_\hafh`ghnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_kh\j_f_gguo
\uk hdhlhqguokimlgbdh\uo jZ^bhgZ\b]Zpbhgguokbkl_fGZ\klZj*36b=eh
gZkk
Bkke_^ h\ZgbyihdZaZebqlh\hldjuluoqZklyoFbjh\h]hhd_ZgZhldehg_
gb_kj_^g_]hmjh\gy\h^uhl]_hb^Zfh`_l^hklb]Zlvf_ljZDjhf_lh]hh[
gZjm`_gZ^h\hevgh agZqbl_evgZyZkbff_ljbyf_`^mK_\_jgufbX`gufih
emrZjbyfbG_kbff_ljbqghklvihemrZjbc\ujZ`Z_lky\lhfqlh\K_\_jghf
ihiehsZ^bij_h[eZ^ZxlfZl_jbdbZ\X`ghfhd_Zgu gZX`ghfihexk_
gZoh^blkyfZl_jbdgZK_ \_jghfhd_Zg
J_ev_n ih\_joghklb fZl_jbdh\ dZd b kZfb fZl_jbdb kha^Z_l aZf_lgh_
hldehg_gb_j_Zevghca_fghcih\_joghklbhl]_hb^Z G_\f_gvr_cf_j_wlh
fmkihkh[ kl \ m_lg_jZ\ghf_jgh_ jZkij_^_e_gb_l\_j^uofZkk\l_e_A_f eb<
blh]_n hjf Z]_hb^ Z hlebqZ_lkyhlkn _jhb^ Zh[ uqghijbgbfZ_f h]haZbklbg
gmxnhjfmA_febIh\_joghklv]_hb^Z^hklZlhqghkeh`gZy b h[ uqgh \kx^m
\uimdeZy\khhl\_lkl\bbk\uimdehklvxih\_joghklbF bjh\ h]h hd_ZgZ HgZ
j_adh \uklmiZ_l gZ^ ih\_j oghklvx kn_jhb^ Z LZd gZ wd\Zlhj_ hldehg_gby
]_hb^Zhlkn _jhb^ Zh[uqghkhklZ\eyxlg_[he__rf bebr v\hl^_evguo
kemqZyobfLZf]^_ih\_j oghklvF bjh\h]hhd_ZgZi_j_k_dZ_lkyk
fZl_jbdZfb hlf_qZ_lky g_[hevrhc ih^ t_f ih\_j oghkl b ]_hb^Z  Hlf_q_gu
fgh]hqbke_ggu_ ehdZevgu_ \h]gmlhklb b \uimdehklb ]_hb^Z b]jZxs b_
[hevrh_ iheh`bl_evgh_ agZq_gb_ \ gZ\b]Zpbb ih ]jZ\b lZpbhgg hfm ihex
A_febK^jm]hcklhjhgukeh`gZyg_ijZ\bevgZynhjfZ]_hb^Z \uau\Z_l\ha
fms_gby \ hj[b lZo bkdmkkl\_gguo kimlgbdh \ A_feb Ih f_j_ mlhqg_gby
nhjfu ]_hb^Z \ghkylkyihijZ\db\bkdZ`_gbyhj[blgZ\b]Zp bhgguoki mlgb
dh\qlhiha \hey_lk[he__\ukhdhc lh qghklvxij_^ \uqbkey lvboijhkljZgkl
\_ggu_dhhj^bgZlu b l_f kZfuf ih\urZl v lhqghklv hi j_^ _e_gby f_klZ gZ
a_fguoihlj_[bl_e_c
NhjfZih\_joghk lb]_hb^ Zih^fZl_jbdZfbbf__l]hjZa^h[he__keh`guc
\b^bg_ih^^Z_lkylhqghfmfZl_fZlbq_kdhfmhibkZgbx<k\yabkwlbf\b^
gufkh\_lkdbf mq_gufFKFheh^_gkdbfij_^eh`_gZ \kihfh]Zl_evgZyih
\_joghklv d\Zab]_hb^ dhlhjmx fh`gh hij_^_eblv [_a mq_lZ ]bihl_a h
kljh_gbbA_febD\Zab]_hb^g_ y\ey_lkymjh\_gghcih\_joghklvxihl_gpbZeZ
kbeu ly`_klbHldehg_gby 'ih \ukhl_ ih\_joghklb d\Zab]_hb^Z hl ih\_ jo
ghklb]_hb^Zfh]ml[ulv\u qbke_guihke_^mxs_cn hjfme _>@
H
H
%
PP
P
J
+
J
]^_
J
P
b J
P
kj_^gb_ agZq_gby ^_ckl\bl_evghc b b^_Zebabjh \Zgghcghj
fZevghc kbeuly`_klb^ey^Z gghclhqdbih\_j oghklbA_feb
P
G
J
\ukhlZ
lhqdb
P
nbabq_kdhc ih\_j oghkl b A_f eb gZ^ ih\_joghklvx d\Zab]_hb^Z DZd
Bkihevah\Zgb_jZaebqguoj_n_j_gpweebikhb^h\\km^h\h`^_gbb                 
ebk\ukhdhclhqghklvxbaf_jblvbhibkZlv__j_Zevgmxih\_joghklv<kh\h
dmighklbkrbjhdhfZkrlZ[gufb]jZ\bf_ljbq_kdbfbgZ[ex^_gbyfbjZ^bheh
dZpbhggu_ bkke_^h\Zgby ba dhkfhkZ iha\hebeb kms_kl\_ggh mlhqgblv iZjZ
f_lju]_hb^ZbjZajZ[hlZlv[he__lhqgmxfZl_fZlbq_kdmxfh^_ev]_hb^Z;_a
ih^h[guo ^hjh]hklhysbo jZ[hl g_\hafh`ghnmgdpbhgbjh\Zgb_kh\j_f_gguo
\ukhdhlhqguokimlgbdh\uo jZ^bhgZ\b]Zpbhgguokbkl_f GZ\klZj *36 b=eh
gZkk
     Bkke_^h\ZgbyihdZaZebqlh\hldjuluoqZklyoFbjh\h]hhd_ZgZhldehg_
gb_kj_^g_]hmjh\gy\h^uhl]_hb^Zfh`_l^hklb]Zlvf_ljZDjhf_lh]hh[
gZjm`_gZ^h\hevghagZqbl_evgZyZkbff_ljbyf_`^mK_\_jgufbX`gufih
emrZjbyfbG_kbff_ljbqghklvihemrZjbc\ujZ`Z_lky\lhfqlh\K_\_jghf
ihiehsZ^bij_h[eZ^ZxlfZl_jbdbZ\X`ghfhd_ZgugZX`ghf ihexk_
gZoh^blkyfZl_jbdgZK_\_jghfhd_Zg
     J_ev_n ih\_joghklb fZl_jbdh\ dZd b kZfb fZl_jbdb kha^Z_l aZf_lgh_
hldehg_gb_j_Zevghca_fghcih\_joghklbhl]_hb^ZG_\f_gvr_cf_j_wlh
fmkihkh[kl\m_lg_jZ\ghf_jgh_jZkij_^_e_gb_l\_j^uofZkk\l_e_A_feb<
blh]_nhjfZ]_hb^ZhlebqZ_lkyhlkn_jhb^Zh[uqghijbgbfZ_fh]haZbklbg
gmxnhjfmA_febIh\_joghklv]_hb^Z^hklZlhqghkeh`gZyb h[uqgh \kx^m
\uimdeZy\khhl\_lkl\bbk\uimdehklvxih\_joghklbFbjh\h]h hd_ZgZ HgZ
j_adh \uklmiZ_l gZ^ ih\_joghklvx kn_jhb^Z LZd gZ wd\Zlhj_ hldehg_gby
]_hb^Zhlkn_jhb^Zh[uqghkhklZ\eyxlg_[he__rfbebrv\hl^_evguo
kemqZyobfLZf]^_ih\_joghklvFbjh\h]hhd_ZgZi_j_k_dZ_lkyk
fZl_jbdZfb hlf_qZ_lky g_[hevrhc ih^t_f ih\_joghklb ]_hb^Z Hlf_q_gu
fgh]hqbke_ggu_ ehdZevgu_ \h]gmlhklb b \uimdehklb ]_hb^Z b]jZxsb_
[hevrh_ iheh`bl_evgh_ agZq_gb_ \ gZ\b]Zpbb ih ]jZ\blZpbhgghfm ihex
A_febK^jm]hcklhjhgukeh`gZyg_ijZ\bevgZynhjfZ]_hb^Z\uau\Z_l\ha
fms_gby \ hj[blZo bkdmkkl\_gguo kimlgbdh\ A_feb Ih f_j_ mlhqg_gby
nhjfu]_hb^Z\ghkylkyihijZ\db\bkdZ`_gbyhj[blgZ\b]Zpbhgguokimlgb
dh\qlhiha\hey_lk[he__\ukhdhclhqghklvxij_^\uqbkeylvboijhkljZgkl
\_ggu_ dhhj^bgZlu b l_f kZfuf ih\urZlv lhqghklv hij_^_e_gby f_klZ gZ
a_fguoihlj_[bl_e_c
     NhjfZih\_joghklb]_hb^Zih^fZl_jbdZfbbf__l]hjZa^h[he__keh`guc
\b^bg_ih^^Z_lkylhqghfmfZl_fZlbq_kdhfmhibkZgbx<k\yabkwlbf\b^
gufkh\_lkdbf mq_gufFKFheh^_gkdbf ij_^eh`_gZ \kihfh]Zl_evgZy ih
\_joghklv  d\Zab]_hb^ dhlhjmx fh`gh hij_^_eblv [_a mq_lZ ]bihl_a h
kljh_gbbA_febD\Zab]_hb^g_y\ey_lkymjh\_gghcih\_joghklvxihl_gpbZeZ
kbeu ly`_klb Hldehg_gby ' ih \ukhl_ ih\_joghklb d\Zab]_hb^Z hl ih\_jo
ghklb]_hb^Zfh]ml[ulv\uqbke_guihke_^mxs_cnhjfme_>@
                                       H  JP H
                                  % P         + 
                                         JP
]^_ JP b JP  kj_^gb_ agZq_gby ^_ckl\bl_evghc b b^_Zebabjh\Zgghc ghj
fZevghc kbeuly`_klb^ey^Zgghclhqdbih\_joghklbA_febPG J\ukhlZ
lhqdb P nbabq_kdhc ih\_joghklb A_feb gZ^ ih\_joghklvx d\Zab]_hb^Z DZd

&RS\ULJKW‹><=F:                             DhfZjh\kdbcX: