Английский язык. Конова М.А. - 61 стр.

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10 Unit 10 The History of Customs in Russia and in the USA
10.1 Pre-text Assignments
10.1.1 Check up the meaning of the following verbs:
predate
verify
originate
defend
collect
create
purchase
trade
allow
approve
10.1.2 Learn the following vocabulary:
1 seal
2 enforcement
3 yoke
4 merchant
5 princedom
6 to hand down
7 on pain of confiscation
8 significant
9 to put into power
10 life-and-death mission
11 on the brink of bankruptcy
12 miscellaneous
13 fiscal prop
14 maxim
15 amendment
16 income tax
17 major source of revenue
18 proliferation
клеймо, печать
обеспечение соблюдения
законодательства
иго
купец
княжество
записать
под угрозой конфискации
значительный
привести в действие
миссия жизни и смерти
на грани банкротства
различный, разнообразный
фискальный сбор
аксиома, изречение, сентенция
поправка
подоходный налог
основной источник дохода
распространение, быстрое увеличени
е
10.2 Read the text and translate it using the dictionary
Text A
The History of Russian Customs
The current Russian word for Customs, tamozhnya, originated in the times of
the Mongol-Tatar yoke. The word tamga, in Tatar, meant “ a Customs tax, the
official who collected it, and the stamped seal or statement verifying that it had
been paid”.
Each market had its tamozhnya, and the right to collect duties could be purchased
from the State. This right was often acquired by powerful merchants. 
      10 Unit 10 The History of Customs in Russia and in the USA

      10.1 Pre-text Assignments

     10.1.1 Check up the meaning of the following verbs:

    predate     originate   collect     purchase     allow
    verify      defend      create      trade        approve

    10.1.2 Learn the following vocabulary:

      1 seal                                       клеймо, печать
      2 enforcement                                обеспечение соблюдения
                                                   законодательства
      3 yoke                                       иго
      4 merchant                                   купец
      5 princedom                                  княжество
      6 to hand down                               записать
      7 on pain of confiscation                    под угрозой конфискации
      8 significant                                значительный
      9 to put into power                          привести в действие
      10 life-and-death mission                    миссия жизни и смерти
      11 on the brink of bankruptcy                на грани банкротства
      12 miscellaneous                             различный, разнообразный
      13 fiscal prop                               фискальный сбор
      14 maxim                                     аксиома, изречение, сентенция
      15 amendment                                 поправка
      16 income tax                                подоходный налог
      17 major source of revenue                   основной источник дохода
      18 proliferation                             распространение, быстрое увеличение


      10.2 Read the text and translate it using the dictionary

                                    Text A
                            The History of Russian Customs

     The current Russian word for Customs, tamozhnya, originated in the times of
the Mongol-Tatar yoke. The word tamga, in Tatar, meant “ a Customs tax, the
official who collected it, and the stamped seal or statement verifying that it had
been paid”.
Each market had its tamozhnya, and the right to collect duties could be purchased
from the State. This right was often acquired by powerful merchants.

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