Квантовая теория. Курс лекций. Часть 2. Копытин И.В. - 37 стр.

                                                                    C—y


            #                 $! +(.s)("\œ#$%6+<[/:"%/.1,-#$QUK(&'3(&'\]%6,-3$":"6 Y Ywy1y1y1y(z')$82!(&'LM7+$X(.{;K$3$+
 N6,-"\”N6#$%63$B6%6,-+$!$%/.10$+$XuR82#$0$S$+$"#(&*)
        >oLm Ropq   


                                       ‡ 6 J J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š]
 F D E ‡‰ˆ ^6 J J Š D E ‡‰ˆ ‡‰ˆ ^6^6 J J J J 3ˆ3ˆŠR3 ŠRQqQqˆ ˆ
                                                                   D       ‰
                                                                           ‡ ˆ ^6 J J         Š E
                                                                                                 C D
                                                                         E                           E
                                                                                       ˆ
                                                                                       3 ˆ
                                                                                         3   3                                  i C2y54&fx
                                                                                           3ˆ3ˆ3               3ˆ3ˆ3
  n 8/?A%6,PR82#$0$S$+$%6X N6,-+S"x xpy
                   ~”.1"",-:"%6,f.1,-:"+$+t.i C2y -xpYfK$3$+K$3$"+<[/:"')(a"#$QU7K(&'3(&'\]%6,-3(&*U‡ 6 J J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š [/#(&W!$%se
   #$+$%uR82#$0$S$+$"#(&*)b& ‡ 6 J J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š"B63(&'#$+$!$%6#$ .1#$+<[68|,-"!$#$Q\[/#(&W!$%6#$+$%6\N6#$%63qe
    B6+$+Zywz"N6,-"\‚8 ‡ 6 J J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š?A')$^t%6#d+$\]%6,-a})("0q&*)(a"#$QXd\]+$#$+$\‚82\YlK$')(W^t%6#$+$%
     02",-"3$"B6 ‡ 6‹'J ‹"J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Šo:"Q!$+(.s)$;<%6,f.{;u+<[ 3$%657%6#$+<;}823(&':"#$%6#$+$X
                                                 __ F  __ F 4F 3                                                               i C25y 4ª4Wx
                                                  6 __ ? U   U   __ ? U   U  3ˆ3ˆ3 3
       ~.s)$82!(&'% :"'[ n 8m^t?A%6#$#$QU.1-.1,-W;<#$+$X .1+(.1,-%6\‚8ci C25y 4ª4Wx#$%6 n U-6?A+$\]I?A"K$')(#$+$,-a
8f.s)(":"+<;<\]+ "3$,-"B6"#(&*)(a"#$-.1,-+jK$3$ n #$"XOR82#$0$S$+$+†Dt‡‰ˆ ^6 J J 3ˆ3ˆ3 ŠT:"')(#$":"Q\
        R82#$0$S$+<;<\ D 0 .1-.1,-W;<#$+$Xd.7\]%6#$a"57+$\]+E[/#(&W!$%6#$+<;<\]+dN6#$%63$B6+$+Zyb&'0ZY(?b)$; -e B6
      :"'[ n 8m^t?A%6#$#$"B6.1-.1,-W;<#$+<;7K$",-3$% n 8-%6,f.{;82!$%/.1,-a ?A"K$')(#$+$,-%1)(a"#$QU8f.s)(":"+$X 2
                           P D 0 ‡‰ˆfŠ Dt‡‰ˆ ^6‹fJ ‹'J                Š Qqˆ74F 3qJ )l4F <3q(J *'J 3ˆ3ˆ=@3 ? J I‘ A* 3          i C25y 4 x
                                   E
                                                                         R
                                                                3ˆ3ˆ3
                                                                                                 
                                                                                                
  w— &'\]%6,-+$\Y4!$,-™!(&".1,-a 3(&':"%6#(.1,-: i C2y54 x \]W^t%6, :"QK$')(#<;<,-a-.{;,-W^t?A%/.1,-:"%6#$#$
:-.s)(%@?w.1,-:"+$%"K$3$%@?A%1)(%6#$#$"X.1+$\]\]%6,-3$+$+Zy
          z-.s)(% K$6?w.1,'&'#$":"0$+#(&'X2?A%6#$#$QUu[/#(&W!$%6#$+$X|‡ 6 ‹ J ‹ J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š“:_N6#$%63$B6%6,-+$!$%/.10$+$X
 R82#$0$S$+$"#(&*)+_K$3$ n #<82L R82#$0$S$+$L K$')$82!(&'%6\T.1"",-:"%6,f.1,-:"%6#$#$ /dLf 
hf>opom
    o #kmjopfLm>oLm d³fpf
                                                 H ‚F ‡ 6‹"J ‹'J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š
+        /dLf 
hf>opo & $   jiko?&$ K—ov
hf$
                                          D  ‡‰ˆfŠhFGDt‡‰ˆ ^6 ‹ J ‹ J 3ˆ3ˆ3 Š 3
 z3$+ K$3$"+<[/:"')(a"#$"\:"Q n "3$%hK$3$ n #$"X R82#$0$S$+$+:-&'3$+(&'S$+$"#$#$"% [/#(&W!$%6#$+$% N6#$%63qe
  B6+$+ .1"",-#$-.1+$,f.{;}.,-"!$#$Q\ƒ:_.1"",-:"%6,f.1,-:"+$+.i C2y-xj2
                                                         H  H 3                                          i C25y 4:C-x
        ~“&'3$+(&'S$+$"#$#(&*;™R82#$0$S$+<; oLm g( o  8/?A":')(%6,-:""3m;<,-aV823(&':"#$%6#$+$L =>3$%se
?A+$#$B6%63(&ikK$-.s)(%@?A#$%6%|.s)$82!(&'%6,f.{; )(+$57a™%/.s)(+ 8/?w&*)(-.1a”82Bs&W?w&',-a K$3(&':"+<)(a"#$QX