Учебно-методическое пособие по обучению профессиональному общению. Коровина Н.А - 24 стр.

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47
IV. Discuss within the class.
1. The functional organizational structure has clear lines of
communication. In contrast, where things are organized along product
lines or with a matrix structure, people often report to two people at
the same time – their boss in the functional structure and their manager
or team leader in the other structure. What, if any, problems could you
imagine in the second case?
2. Do you think people from certain cultures would favour one
kind of organizational structure over another? Can you think of some
examples and give some reasons.
TOPIC 8. MANAGEMENT
TEXT 1
Types of Management Structure
The management structure of a business can be shown using an
organisation chart.
Figure 1 demonstrates the most widely used charts. Remember
that pyramid, horizontal and concentric charts all indicate hierarchical
structures. There are clear lines of authority in each of these charts.
The only difference is in the emphasis each gives to the different lev-
els of authority. The pyramid chart makes the hierarchy very clear, the
horizontal chart less so, and the concentric chart least of all. If you
want to play down differences in status and authority within the firm,
you might well choose the horizontal or concentric charts.
Fig. 1. The pyramid, horizontal and concentric charts
48
Fig. 2. Matrix management chart
The matrix management organisational chart in Fig. 2 is quite
different. This shows both official and actual lines of accountability.
For example suppose a major project is to develop a new chocolate
bar. The head of the design department may have to report to the pro-
ject manager for all aspects involving the chocolate bar, rather than to
his or her formal superior, the head of engineering. The authority in
this case is not hierarchical.
Types of Leadership
Another important issue on which questions are frequently set is
the leadership style within the company. There are three main types of
leadership:
• the autocratic style, with little or no communication between
leaders and the staff they are responsible for;
• the democratic style, where every effort is made to foster a
friendly, co-operative working relationship between management and
staff;
• the laissez-faire style, which leaves the workers to their own
devices, with little attempt to exercise formal control. 
       IV. Discuss within the class.
       1. The functional organizational structure has clear lines of
communication. In contrast, where things are organized along product
lines or with a matrix structure, people often report to two people at
the same time – their boss in the functional structure and their manager
or team leader in the other structure. What, if any, problems could you
imagine in the second case?
       2. Do you think people from certain cultures would favour one
kind of organizational structure over another? Can you think of some
examples and give some reasons.

                     TOPIC 8. MANAGEMENT

      TEXT 1
                  Types of Management Structure                                                Fig. 2. Matrix management chart

       The management structure of a business can be shown using an               The matrix management organisational chart in Fig. 2 is quite
organisation chart.                                                        different. This shows both official and actual lines of accountability.
       Figure 1 demonstrates the most widely used charts. Remember         For example suppose a major project is to develop a new chocolate
that pyramid, horizontal and concentric charts all indicate hierarchical   bar. The head of the design department may have to report to the pro-
structures. There are clear lines of authority in each of these charts.    ject manager for all aspects involving the chocolate bar, rather than to
The only difference is in the emphasis each gives to the different lev-    his or her formal superior, the head of engineering. The authority in
els of authority. The pyramid chart makes the hierarchy very clear, the
                                                                           this case is not hierarchical.
horizontal chart less so, and the concentric chart least of all. If you
want to play down differences in status and authority within the firm,
                                                                                                   Types of Leadership
you might well choose the horizontal or concentric charts.
                                                                                  Another important issue on which questions are frequently set is
                                                                           the leadership style within the company. There are three main types of
                                                                           leadership:
                                                                                  • the autocratic style, with little or no communication between
                                                                           leaders and the staff they are responsible for;
                                                                                  • the democratic style, where every effort is made to foster a
                                                                           friendly, co-operative working relationship between management and
                                                                           staff;
                                                                                  • the laissez-faire style, which leaves the workers to their own
                                                                           devices, with little attempt to exercise formal control.

           Fig. 1. The pyramid, horizontal and concentric charts

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