Рефрактометрическое определение концентрации водных растворов. Котова Д.Л - 3 стр.

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ВГУ | Воронеж

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3
kCnn +=
0
(3)
n
-
ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby qbklh]h jZkl\hjbl_ey
K -
dhgp_gljZpby jZkl\hj_ggh]h
\_s_kl\Z
k –
dhwnnbpb_glijhihjpbhgZevghklb
Hij_^_e_gb_ ihdZaZl_ey ij_ehfe_gby \_s_kl\Zhkgh\Zgh gZ baf_j_gbb ij_^_evgh]h m]eZ
ij_ehfe_gby gZ ]jZgbp_©`b^dhklv
-
kl_dehª Ijb g_dhlhjhf m]e_
α
ij_ehfe_gby g_
ijhbkoh^bl
β=90
0
WlhlkemqZcgZau\Zxliheguf\gmlj_ggbfhljZ`_gb_fblZddZd
sin 90 = 1,
n =sin α
M]he
α
ijbdhlhjhfemqk\_lZkdhevablihih\_joghklbjZa^_eZgZau\Z_lkym]ehfihegh]h
\gmlj_gg_]h hljZ`_gby beb ij_^_evguf m]ehf Ih mkeh\bx ihegh]h \gmlj_gg_]h hljZ`_gby
fh`gh jZkkqblZlv ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby Wlh khhlghr_gb_ b bkihevam_lky \ ijZdlbd_
j_njZdlhf_ljbb
J:;HL:Hij_^_e_gb_dhgp_gljZpbboehjb^ZgZljby\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_
P_evjZ[hlu
–
bamqblvijZ\beZjZ[hlugZj_njZdlhf_lj_ bhk\hblvf_lh^bdmhij_^_e_gby
oehjb^ZgZljby\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_f_lh^hf]jZ^mbjh\hqgh]h]jZnbdZ
H[hjm^h\Zgb_bj_Zdlb\u:
J_njZdlhf_lj
;
:gZeblbq_kdb_\_ku
;
Ibi_ldb]jZ^mbjh\Zggu_h[t_fhfkf
3
;
Dhe[uf_jgu_gZkf
3
;
;xdk
DZi_evgZyibi_ldZ
;
Oehjb^gZljby
Ijb]hlh\e_gb_klZg^Zjlgh]hjZkl\hjZoehjb^ZgZljby
KlZg^Zjlguc jZkl\hj oehjb^Z gZljby ]hlh\yl k dhgp_gljZpb_cfhev
/
^f
3
ih gZ\_kd_
GZ\_kdm oehjb^Z gZljby jZkkqblZggmx gZ ijb]hlh\e_gb_  kf
3
jZkl\hjZ \a\_rb\Zxl gZ
ZgZeblbq_kdbo \_kZo k lhqghklvx ^h
±
 ] \ [xdk_ Oehjb^ gZljby ij_^\Zjbl_evgh
\ukmrb\Zxl ^h ihklhygghc fZkku \ kmrbevghf rdZnm ijb l_fi_jZlmj_ 
± 2
0
K GZ\_kdm
i_j_ghkyl \ f_jgmx dhe[m h[t_fhf  kf
3
 jZkl\hjyxl \ ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^_ aZl_f
^h[Z\eyxl \h^m ^h f_ldb b i_j_f_rb\Zxl Iml_f jZa[Z\e_gby ]hlh\yl k_jbx klZg^Zjlguo
jZkl\hjh\k dhgp_gljZpbyfb
: 1,5; 1,0; 0,5;
 FG_h[oh^bfu_h[t_fujZkl\hjZjZkkqblu\Zxl
ihnhjfme_
:
2211
VCVC =
>ey dZ`^h]h ihemq_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ iylv jZa baf_jyxl ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby I_j_^
dZ`^uf ihke_^mxsbf baf_j_gb_f g_h[oh^bfh lsZl_evgh hqbklblv ijbafu ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc
\h^hc aZl_f ijhfhdgmlv nbevljh\Zevghc [mfZ]hc Ih kj_^gbf agZq_gbyf ihdZaZl_ey
ij_ehfe_gbykljhyl]jZ^mbjh\hqguc]jZnbd
IjbgpbijZ[hlugZj_njZdlhf_lj_.
2-
 dZieb ZgZeb abjm_fh]h jZkl\hjZ ihf_sZxl f_`^m iheh\bgdZfb ijbafu b iehlgh
k`bfZxlboIh\hjhlhfa_jdZeZyjdhhk\_sZxlijbafm[_eufk\_lhf<k_ihe_\hdmeyj_^he`gh
[ulvhk\_s_ghjZ\ghf_jghG_jZ\ghf_jgh_ hk\_s_gb_iheyl_fgu_iylgZgZg_fmdZau\ZxlgZ
g_^hklZlhqgh_ dhebq_kl\h \g_k_gghc `b^dhklb Ih\hjhlhf ijbafu ^h[b\Zxlky ihy\e_gby
l_fgh]hihey\ hdmeyj_ Ihy\e_gb_l_fgh]hiheykhhl\_lkl\m_llZdhfmiheh`_gbxijbafuijb
dhlhjhf emq k\_lZ bkiulu\Z_l \gmlj_gg__ hljZ`_gb_ hl ih\_joghklb jZa^_eZ f_`^m ijbafhc b
bkke_^m_fuf \_s_kl\hf ?keb ]jZgbpZ l_fgh]h ihey g_ j_adZy lh \jZsZy dhfi_gkZlhj
                                                   3

     n = n0 + kC                            (3)

      nh - ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby qbklh]h jZkl\hjbl_ey K - dhgp_gljZpby jZkl\hj_ggh]h
\_s_kl\Zk –dhwnnbpb_glijhihjpbhgZevghklb
      Hij_^_e_gb_ ihdZaZl_ey ij_ehfe_gby \_s_kl\Z  hkgh\Zgh gZ baf_j_gbb ij_^_evgh]h m]eZ
ij_ehfe_gby gZ ]jZgbp_ ©`b^dhklv-kl_dehª Ijb g_dhlhjhf m]e_ α ij_ehfe_gby g_
ijhbkoh^bl β=900WlhlkemqZcgZau\Zxliheguf\gmlj_ggbfhljZ`_gb_fblZddZdsin 90h = 1,
nhlg=sin α
      M]he αijbdhlhjhfemqk\_lZkdhevablihih\_joghklbjZa^_eZgZau\Z_lkym]ehfihegh]h
\gmlj_gg_]h hljZ`_gby beb ij_^_evguf m]ehf Ih mkeh\bx ihegh]h \gmlj_gg_]h hljZ`_gby
fh`gh jZkkqblZlv ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby Wlh khhlghr_gb_ b bkihevam_lky \ ijZdlbd_
j_njZdlhf_ljbb

     J:;HL:Hij_^_e_gb_dhgp_gljZpbboehjb^ZgZljby\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_
     P_ev jZ[hlu – bamqblv ijZ\beZ jZ[hlu gZ j_njZdlhf_lj_ b hk\hblvf_lh^bdmhij_^_e_gby
oehjb^ZgZljby\\h^ghfjZkl\hj_f_lh^hf]jZ^mbjh\hqgh]h]jZnbdZ

     H[hjm^h\Zgb_bj_Zdlb\u:
     J_njZdlhf_lj;
     :gZeblbq_kdb_\_ku;
     Ibi_ldb]jZ^mbjh\Zggu_h[t_fhfkf3;
     Dhe[uf_jgu_gZkf3;
     ;xdk
     DZi_evgZyibi_ldZ;
     Oehjb^gZljby

     Ijb]hlh\e_gb_klZg^Zjlgh]hjZkl\hjZoehjb^ZgZljby
     KlZg^Zjlguc jZkl\hj oehjb^Z gZljby ]hlh\yl k dhgp_gljZpb_c  fhev/^f3 ih gZ\_kd_
GZ\_kdm oehjb^Z gZljby jZkkqblZggmx gZ ijb]hlh\e_gb_  kf3 jZkl\hjZ \a\_rb\Zxl gZ
ZgZeblbq_kdbo \_kZo k lhqghklvx ^h ±  ] \ [xdk_ Oehjb^ gZljby ij_^\Zjbl_evgh
\ukmrb\Zxl ^h ihklhygghc fZkku \ kmrbevghf rdZnm ijb l_fi_jZlmj_  ± 20K GZ\_kdm
i_j_ghkyl \ f_jgmx dhe[m h[t_fhf  kf3 jZkl\hjyxl \ ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc \h^_ aZl_f
^h[Z\eyxl \h^m ^h f_ldb b i_j_f_rb\Zxl Iml_f jZa[Z\e_gby ]hlh\yl k_jbx klZg^Zjlguo
jZkl\hjh\ k dhgp_gljZpbyfb: 1,5; 1,0; 0,5; FG_h[oh^bfu_h[t_fujZkl\hjZjZkkqblu\Zxl
ihnhjfme_:

     C1V1 = C 2V2

     >ey dZ`^h]h ihemq_ggh]h jZkl\hjZ iylv jZa baf_jyxl ihdZaZl_ev ij_ehfe_gby I_j_^
dZ`^uf ihke_^mxsbf baf_j_gb_f g_h[oh^bfh lsZl_evgh hqbklblv ijbafu ^bklbeebjh\Zgghc
\h^hc aZl_f ijhfhdgmlv nbevljh\Zevghc [mfZ]hc Ih kj_^gbf agZq_gbyf ihdZaZl_ey
ij_ehfe_gbykljhyl]jZ^mbjh\hqguc]jZnbd

     IjbgpbijZ[hlugZj_njZdlhf_lj_.
     2- dZieb ZgZebabjm_fh]h jZkl\hjZ ihf_sZxl f_`^m iheh\bgdZfb ijbafu b iehlgh
k`bfZxlboIh\hjhlhfa_jdZeZyjdhhk\_sZxlijbafm[_eufk\_lhf

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