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41
close personal relations with others. A drive for material success, it is argued, can
lead people into crime if they lack other opportunities to gain such success.
C Socioeconomic status
The majority of those arrested are also from lower socioeconomic groups in the
community. Without money, it is harder to keep out of trouble. You are more likely
to do your gambling, for example, in a public place rather than in the safety of a
suburban living room, and you cannot afford a private attorney to represent you if
you do get caught. The poor are far more likely than the well-off to be arrested. If
they are arrested, they are more likely to be charged. If they are charged, they
are more likely to be convicted, and if they are convicted, they are more likely to
be sentenced to prison (Reiman 1979).
However, there is a whole category of crime - corporate crime -that is
committed by people of high social status who work as company officials.
Examples of corporate crime include disregard for safety in the workplace, the
production of unsafe products, and violation of environmental regulations. Such
crimes are committed without the obvious use of force, and the effect of the crime
on the victims cannot be easily traced to the offender. The people who are
involved in corporate crime often have a great deal of power that they use to avoid
conviction. Much corporate crime escapes punishment. If a miner dies of lung
disease, for example, it is difficult to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that he
died because the employer broke the law by not providing adequate safety in the
mine.
(Academic Encounters)
6 For questions 1-10, answer by choosing from paragraphs A-C. Some of
the choices may be required more than once.
1. Older people are less likely to be involved in crime than younger people.
2. The rich are far less likely than the poor to be arrested.
3. Men are more likely to be involved in the more profitable crimes of burglary
and robbery than women are.
4. People from lower socioeconomic groups in the community are more likely to
be arrested than those from higher socioeconomic groups.
5. Men are more likely to be selected and recruited into criminal groups.
6. Men are under less social pressure to conform than women.
7. Older people have more relationships that encourage them to follow
conventional behavior than younger people do.
8. It is less socially acceptable for females to be involved in crime.
9. Criminal opportunities are still much less available to women than to men.
10. The result of this crime cannot be easily seen due to different factors and
those who are guilty avoid punishment.
Females tend to commit
crimes such as shoplifting,
petty theft, or welfare fraud.
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